Table 7.

Individual amino acids, total BCAA, total EAA, and total amino acid time to maximum concentration (Tmax)

Tmax [min]
Amino acid	Protein plus probiotic		Protein		Protein plus probiotic vs. protein
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p value (t test)	Difference (%)	Effect size (d)
Arginine	58.0	41.6	40.0	14.6	0.057	45.0	0.58
Glutamine	54.0	41.2	60.0	56.7	0.748	− 10.0	− 0.12
Citrulline	56.0	46.6	48.0	49.2	0.546	16.7	0.17
Serine	52.0	40.0	40.0	29.3	0.271	30.0	0.34
Asparagine	58.0	43.1	46.0	33.8	0.395	26.1	0.31
Glycine	70.0	55.2	52.0	56.1	0.398	34.6	0.32
Threonine	62.0	51.3	50.0	40.4	0.458	24.0	0.26
Alanine	78.0	54.1	56.0	49.3	0.294	39.3	0.43
Ornithine	72.0	45.1	52.0	33.0	0.096	38.5	0.51
Methionine	48.0	42.1	38.0	13.7	0.388	26.3	0.32
Proline	66.0	53.4	56.0	54.2	0.632	17.9	0.19
Lysine	50.0	40.4	54.0	44.2	0.784	− 7.4	− 0.09
Aspartic acid	46.0	35.6	50.0	43.4	0.774	− 8.0	− 0.10
Histidine	62.0	51.3	44.0	43.7	0.246	40.9	0.38
Valine	60.0	40.9	58.0	53.7	0.914	3.4	0.04
Glutamic acid	42.0	37.3	74.0	69.8	0.088	− 43.2	− 0.57
Tryptophan	52.0	43.1	72.0	54.1	0.191	− 27.8	− 0.41
Leucine	60.0	40.9	44.0	15.5	0.120	36.4	0.52
Phenylalanine	52.0	24.0	42.0	15.2	0.096	23.8	0.50
Isoleucine	52.0	38.4	44.0	15.5	0.413	18.2	0.27
Cysteine	54.0	45.6	72.0	58.7	0.447	− 25.0	− 0.34
Tyrosine	58.0	36.7	46.0	15.5	0.233	26.1	0.43
Total BCAA	66.0	42.7	54.0	39.6	0.458	22.2	0.29
Total EAA	60.0	40.9	54.0	39.6	0.689	11.1	0.15
Total amino acids	58.0	43.1	60.0	52.0	0.910	− 3.3	− 0.04