Table 2.
Prevalence and risk estimates of substance use disorder by drug class, for males with versus without self-harm, and females with versus without self-harm
| Males with SH versus Males without SH | Females with SH versus Females without SH | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SH | Unexposed | HR (95% CI) | SH | Unexposed | HR (95% CI) | |
| N (%) | N (%) | Adjusteda | N (%) | N (%) | Adjusteda | |
| Individuals | 1241 (2.2) | 54,889 (97.8) | – | 4716 (8.7) | 49,226 (91.3) | – |
| Opiods | 3 (0.2) | 71 (0.1) | 5.8 (1.8–19.3)** | 16 (0.3) | 100 (0.2) | 7.5 (4.1–13.9)*** |
| Cannabis | 51 (4.1) | 1285 (2.3) | 3.5 (2.6–4.7)*** | 152 (3.2) | 555 (1.1) | 7.4 (6.0–9.1)*** |
| Sedatives/hypnotics | 11 (0.9) | 173 (0.3) | 7.2 (3.6–14.5)*** | 92 (2.0) | 332 (0.7) | 12.9 (9.8–17.1)*** |
| Hallucinogens | 1 (0.1) | 46 (0.1) | – | 8 (0.2) | 21 (0.04) | 26.3 (8.9–77.7)*** |
| CNS stimulantia | 13 (1.0) | 187 (0.3) | 10.2 (5.5–18.9)*** | 41 (0.9) | 232 (0.5) | 9.2 (6.3–13.5)*** |
| Solvents | 5 (0.4) | 41 (0.1) | 13.4 (5.0–35.5)*** | 14 (0.3) | 39 (0.1) | 9.9 (5.0–19.4)*** |
| Mixed substance | 15 (1.2) | 325 (0.6) | 7.7 (4.5–13.1)*** | 96 (2.0) | 364 (0.7) | 12.6 (9.6–16.6)*** |
Risk estimates are hazards ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Abbreviations: SH self-harm
aAdjusted for socioeconomic status and age at start of follow-up
*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001