Table 2.

Selected characteristics of participants in three pooled case-control studies (CPRU Study, 1991 – 1994; MAP I Study, 1994 – 1997; and MAP II Study, 2002; pooled N = 2,751) of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma

	Cases (N = 765)		Controls (N = 1,986)
Characteristics	Mean (SD)	%	Mean (SD)	%	Pa
Demographics
Age, y	58.2 (9.2)		54.5 (10.9)		<0.0001
Male		60.4		42.6	<0.0001
White		95.0		96.3	0.17
College graduate or higher		28.6		31.8	0.001
Medical history
Takes aspirin/other NSAID ≥ once/wk		35.6		41.7	0.003
HRT user (among women)		34.7		37.7	0.02
Has family history of CRCb		17.0		17.8	0.67
Lifestyle
Current smoker		24.2		13.9	<0.0001
Normal BMIc		32.8		40.9	0.0002
Non-drinker		35.7		32.9	<0.0001
Physical activityd, MET-hrs/wk	60.5 (56.6)		57.9 (53.7)		0.32
LISe	0.4 (0.8)		0.2 (0.8)		<0.0001
Dietary intakes
DISe	−0.5 (2.4)		−0.7 (2.4)		0.02
Total energy, kcal/day	2,054 (747)		1,985 (699)		0.02
Dietary fiber, g/1,000 kcal/day	10.9 (3.7)		11.3 (3.9)		0.01
Fat, % kcal	31.3 (6.7)		30.2 (6.8)		0.0005
Carbohydrates, % kcal	51.2 (8.8)		53 (8.9)		<0.0001
Protein, % kcal	16.4 (3.2)		16.6 (3.1)		0.18
Total calciumf, mg/1,000 kcal/day	474 (277)		511 (272)		<0.0001
Total fruit, servings/wk	16.0 (12.4)		17.8 (12.8)		0.001
Total vegetables, servings/wk	25.7 (16.3)		26.0 (16.3)		0.65
Red meat, servings/wk	4.7 (3.7)		6.1 (11.1)		0.001
Processed meats, servings/wk	2.7 (3.7)		2.1 (2.9)		<0.001

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CPRU, Cancer Prevention Research Unit; CRC, colorectal cancer; DIS, dietary inflammation score; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; LIS, lifestyle inflammation score; MAP, Markers of Adenomatous Polyps; MET, metabolic equivalent; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

^aP-values calculated using χ² test for categorical variables, ANOVA for continuous variables with normal distribution, and Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables with non-normal distribution

^bIn a first-degree relative

^c18.5 – 24.99 kg/m²

^dModerate + vigorous physical activity

^eFor construction of dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores, see text and Table 1; higher scores indicate a higher balance of pro- versus anti-inflammatory exposures

^fTotal = diet + supplements