Table 3.

Factors associated with survival beyond five years on ART

				Univariable analysis a			Multivariable analysis
	Person-years	Deaths	Mortality rate (/100pys)	sHR	95%CI	p-value	sHR	95%CI	p-value
Sex
Female	13763.1	54	0.39	1.00			1.00
Male	35770.3	225	0.63	1.43	1.05-1.95	0.023	0.98	0.72-1.34	0.911
Age group (years)						<0.001			<0.001
≤40	21058.6	90	0.43	1.00			1.00
41-50	19014.3	98	0.52	1.39	1.04-1.86	0.025	1.33	0.99-1.79	0.061
<50	9460.5	91	0.96	2.50	1.85-3.37	<0.001	2.24	1.58-3.15	<0.001
HIV exposure category						<0.001			<0.001
Heterosexual	29705.9	217	0.73	1.00			1.00
MSM	4307.5	13	0.30	0.23	0.11-0.45	<0.001	0.44	0.22-0.88	0.020
IDU	1735.8	24	1.38	2.07	1.33-3.23	0.001	2.17	1.32-3.56	0.002
Other	13784.2	25	0.18	0.59	0.33-1.05	0.077	0.60	0.33-1.12	0.112
Viral load (copies/mL)						<0.001			0.030
<399	23544.2	108	0.46	1.00			1.00
400-999	605.5	9	1.49	3.50	1.73-7.06	<0.001	2.02	0.99-4.10	0.052
≥1000	3542.4	66	1.86	3.54	2.52-4.96	<0.001	1.52	1.05-2.21	0.027
Not tested	21841.3	96	0.44	1.22	0.86-1.71	0.264	0.81	0.54-1.21	0.306
CD4 count (cells/μL)						<0.001			<0.001
<200	5164.8	153	2.96	1.00			1.00
200-349	8075.7	55	0.68	0.25	0.18-0.35	<0.001	0.27	0.20-0.38	<0.001
350-499	10444.1	23	0.22	0.09	0.05-0.14	<0.001	0.10	0.07-0.16	<0.001
≥500	20461.5	34	0.17	0.07	0.05-0.1	<0.001	0.09	0.06-0.13	<0.001
Not tested	5387.4	14	0.26	0.13	0.08-0.21	<0.001	0.22	0.12-0.39	<0.001
pre-ART CD4 count (cells/μL)						<0.001			0.265
<200	20921.1	166	0.79	1.00
200-349	7693.5	23	0.30	0.40	0.26-0.62	<0.001	0.76	0.48-1.20	0.236
350-499	2039.4	9	0.44	0.56	0.29-1.11	0.096	1.38	0.69-2.78	0.363
Not tested	18879.4	81	0.43	0.81	0.60-1.09	0.164	0.97	0.70-1.34	0.846
Year of ART initiation						0.099			0.193
≤2002	10094.6	55	0.54	1.00			1.00
2003-2005	15175.8	95	0.63	1.11	0.8-1.54	0.544	0.90	0.64-1.28	0.569
2006-2009	20647.7	109	0.53	0.79	0.56-1.11	0.180	0.71	0.49-1.01	0.058
≥2010	3615.3	20	0.55	0.67	0.36-1.24	0.199	0.67	0.35-1.28	0.225
Current regimen b						<0.001			<0.001
First-line	22870.5	59	0.26	1.00			1.00
Second-line	17002.0	112	0.66	2.73	1.98-3.75	<0.001	2.11	1.52-2.94	<0.001
Third-line	9660.9	108	1.12	4.60	3.31-6.41	<0.001	2.82	2.00-3.98	<0.001
Treatment interruptions b						<0.001			0.177
None	38815.5	163	0.42	1.00			1.00
1-2	9455.0	87	0.92	2.09	1.58-2.78	<0.001	1.07	0.80-1.44	0.633
≥3	1262.9	29	2.30	4.89	3.2-7.46	<0.001	1.52	0.97-2.38	0.065
HBV co-infection c									<0.001
No	25427.0	131	0.52	1.00			1.00
Yes	2641.8	31	1.17	2.30	1.54-3.42	<0.001	2.23	1.49-3.33	<0.001
Not tested	21464.7	117	0.55	1.01	0.74-1.38	0.962	1.01	0.74-1.37	0.954
HCV co-infection c
No	18935.4	117	0.62	1.00			1.00
Yes	2665.0	23	0.86	1.45	0.87-2.42	0.149	0.96	0.53-1.73	0.881
Not tested	27933.0	139	0.50	0.85	0.58-1.24	0.389	0.84	0.52-1.35	0.471
FPG (mg/dL)						<0.001			0.022
<100	18809.5	77	0.41	1.00			1.00
100-125	4273.1	24	0.56	1.24	0.77-1.98	0.375	1.18	0.74-1.87	0.490
≥126	1825.5	26	1.42	2.80	1.77-4.41	<0.001	1.98	1.22-3.21	0.006
Not tested	24625.3	152	0.62	1.06	0.72-1.57	0.754	0.81	0.52-1.26	0.357
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)
≥60	25778.6	97	0.38	1.00			1.00
<60	1290.6	26	2.01	5.23	3.3-8.3	<0.001	2.57	1.56-4.22	<0.001
Not tested	22464.3	156	0.69	1.27	0.78-2.06	0.345	1.67	0.91-3.06	0.097

All other factors in the model were time-updated. P-values for test for heterogeneity excluded missing or not-tested values. P-values in bold represent significant covariates in the final model. Non-significant factors were presented in the multivariate model adjusted for significant predictors. IR, incidence rate; pys, person-years; HR, sub-hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MSM, men who have sex with men; IDU, injecting drug use; ART, antiretroviral therapy; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate

^aAdjusted for site

^bCounted from ART initiation

^cEver tested positive on HBsAg or anti-HCV.