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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 5.
Published in final edited form as: Lupus. 2020 Sep 3;29(13):1691–1703. doi: 10.1177/0961203320951842

Table 4:

Means, Standard Deviations, and Frequency Distributions of Individual Questions from the CLEQoL (n=101)

  N Mean SD Never(0) Rarely(25) Sometimes (50) Often (75) All of the time (100)
a.  Skin Hurts (Sym) 101 37.87 32.52 30 (29.7) 21 (20.9) 28 (27.7) 12 (11.9) 10 (9.9)
b.  Disrupted sleep (Em) 101 33.42 35.76 45 (44.6) 12 (11.9) 20 (19.8) 13 (12.9) 11 (10.9)
c.  Worry about progression (Fxn) 99 52.78 34.42 17 (16.8) 15 (14.9) 29 (28.7) 16 (15.8) 22 (21.8)
d.  Affects work and hobbies (Em) 100 35.00 33.71 34 (33.7) 24 (23.8) 22 (21.8) 8 (7.9) 12 (11.9)
e.  Affects social life (Em) 100 39.75 39.26 40 (39.6) 11 (10.9) 19 (18.8) 10 (9.9) 20 (19.8)
f.  Depressed (Fxn) 99 38.38 36.82 37 (36.6) 14 (13.9) 21 (20.8) 12 (11.9) 15 (14.9)
g.  Skin burns or stings (Sym) 100 42.25 35.12 30 (29.7) 14 (13.9) 27 (26.7) 15 (14.9) 14 (13.9)
h.  Stay at home (Em) 100 36.50 38.01 43 (42.6) 12 (11.9) 16 (15.8) 14 (13.9) 15 (14.9)
i.  Worry about scars (Fxn) 100 58.00 37.75 19 (18.8) 14 (13.9) 14 (13.9) 22 (21.8) 31 (30.7)
j.  Skin itches (Sym) 100 54.50 33.41 16 (15.8) 13 (12.9) 28 (27.7) 23 (22.8) 20 (19.8)
k.  Affects closeness (Em) 99 26.26 34.14 55 (54.5) 10 (9.9) 16 (15.8) 10 (9.9) 8 (7.9)
l.  Ashamed (Fxn) 100 43.00 38.61 34 (33.7) 14 (13.9) 18 (17.8) 14 (13.9) 20 (19.8)
m.  Worry skin worse (Fxn) 100 57.50 33.62 12 (11.9) 17 (16.8) 26 (25.7) 19 (18.8) 26 (25.70
n.  Do things alone (Em) 100 32.50 36.15 46 (45.5) 13 (12.9) 18 (17.8) 11 (10.9) 12 (11.9)
o.  Angry (Fxn) 100 30.00 34.63 46 (45.5) 18 (17.8) 17 (16.8) 8 (7.9) 11 (10.9)
p.  Water bothers (Sym) 100 18.00 29.10 66 (65.3) 11 (10.9) 12 (11.9) 7 (6.9) 4 (4.0)
q.  Difficult showing affection (Em) 99 22.73 31.15 57 (56.4) 11 (10.9) 21 (20.8) 3 (3.0) 7 (6.9)
r.  Side effects from medicine* 100 53.25 35.11 19 (18.8) 12 (11.9) 29 (28.7) 17 (16.8) 23 (22.8)
s.  Skin irritated (Sym) 99 51.26 34.51 19 (18.8) 14 (13.9) 29 (28.7) 17 (16.8) 20 (19.8)
t.  Interaction with others (Em) 100 29.50 34.88 50 (49.5) 11 (10.9) 20 (19.8) 9 (8.9) 10 (9.9)
u.  Embarrassed (Fxn) 100 43.50 39.67 36 (35.6) 10 (9.9) 21 (20.8) 10 (9.9) 23 (22.8)
v.  Problem for loved ones (Em) 100 13.25 23.96 70 (69.3) 14 (13.9) 12 (11.9) 1 (1.0) 3 (3.0)
w.  Frustration (Fxn) 100 46.25 38.66 31 (30.7) 10 (9.9) 26 (25.7) 9 (8.9) 24 (23.8)
x.  Skin sensitive (Sym) 99 59.60 35.66 18 (17.8) 5 (5.0) 26 (25.7) 21 (20.8) 29 (28.7)
y.  Affects desires for others (Em) 100 27.75 35.16 55 (54.5) 7 (6.9) 20 (19.8) 8 (7.9) 10 (9.9)
z.  Humiliated by skin (Fxn) 99 26.52 35.86 57 (56.4) 9 (8.9) 14 (13.9) 8 (7.9) 11 (10.9)
aa.  Skin bleeds (Sym) 99 19.44 27.33 56 (55.4) 22 (21.8) 11 (10.9) 7 (6.9) 3 (3.0)
bb.  Annoyed (Fxn) 99 46.21 36.83 29 (28.7) 8 (7.9) 31 (30.7) 11 (10.9) 20 (19.8)
cc.  Sex life interference (Em) 100 22.75 35.73 64 (63.4) 10 (9.9) 10 (9.9) 3 (3.00) 13 (12.9)
dd.  Tired (Em) 100 29.00 35.13 50 (49.5) 14 (13.9) 17 (16.8) 8 (7.9) 11 (10.9)
ee.  Worry about flares (Ph) 99 61.62 36.30 17 (16.8) 8 (7.9) 18 (17.8) 24 (23.8) 32 (31.7)
ff.  Worry about hair loss (Bod) 100 58.25 40.21 23 (22.8) 12 (11.9) 10 (9.9) 19 (18.8) 36 (35.6)
gg.  Prevents outdoor activities (Ph) 100 54.50 39.15 25 (24.8) 8 (7.9) 22 (21.8) 14 (13.9) 31 (30.7)
hh.  Worry about what others are thinking (Cos) 100 34.00 37.19 44 (43.6) 15 (14.9) 17 (16.8) 9 (8.9) 15 (14.9)
ii.  Influence clothes (Cos) 100 48.25 40.40 32 (31.7) 9 (8.9) 21 (20.8) 10 (9.9) 28 (27.7)
jj.  Affects grooming practices (Cos) 99 52.27 41.20 28 (27.7) 13 (12.9) 12 (11.9) 14 (13.9) 32 (31.7)
kk.  Affects sun protection efforts (Ph) 99 69.70 34.68 10 (9.9) 12 (11.9) 11 (10.9) 22 (21.8) 44 (43.6)
Score Total 98a 39.06b 25.11          
Cronbach’s Alphac 0.97              
*

Item 18 on side effects of treatment is not scored nor included in the final CLEQoL scale.

a

Totals do not equal 101 due to missing responses.

b

The composite score for the overall scale calculation based on 101 responses, possible scale range 0 to 100.

c

Cronbach’s alpha based on 36 items.

Abbreviations: Sym = Symptoms; Em = Emotions; Fxn = Functioning; Cos = Cosmetic effects; Ph = Photosensitivity