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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2020 Sep 4;63(12):2616–2627. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05272-8

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

(a) Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes by ancestry group. Prevalence is adjusted to the mean age and sex distribution of the total sample. Prevalence was 12.4% in African Americans (AA), 34.0% in American Indians (AI) and 10.4% in European Americans (EA) (p=2.9×10−10). (b) ‘Bean’ plot of the distribution of age- and sex-adjusted BMI by ancestry group. Symmetrical lines represent a nonparametric local density function, estimated with PROC KDE in SAS. Thick black horizonal lines represent the mean value. Grey horizontal lines represent individual data points, with the length of the line indicating the number of observations at each level. Mean BMI was 33.4 kg/m2 in AA, 36.3 kg/m2 in AI and 33.0 kg/m2 in EA (p=1.9×10−7). (c) ‘Bean’ plot of the distribution of age- and sex-adjusted fasting insulin level in individuals with normal glucose tolerance by ancestry group. Geometric mean fasting insulin was 48.4 pmol/l in AA, 63.8 pmol/l in AI and 45.2 pmol/l in EA (p=9.2×10−5). (d) ‘Bean’ plot of the distribution of 30 min post-load insulin levels, adjusted for age, sex and 30 min glucose, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance by ancestry group. Geometric mean 30 min insulin was 553.5 pmol/l in AA, 559.8 pmol/l in AI and 358.8 pmol/l in EA (p=5.7×10−8)