Table 3.
Person- and Day-Level Effects of Glucose Variability on Sleep Characteristics – Multilevel Models (N=38)
| Bedtime β±StdErr (p-value) | Wake Time β±StdErr (p-value) | Total Sleep Time β±StdErr (p-value) | Sleep Efficiency β±StdErr (p-value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | Person Level | −0.01±0.13 (.955) | −0.03±0.10 (.774) | 0.05±0.11 (.622) | −0.00±0.12 (.987) |
| Day Level | 0.02±0.07 (.797) | 0.08±0.06 (.159) | 0.05±0.08 (.571) | −0.03±0.08 (.741) | |
| CV | Person Level | −0.16±0.13 (.233) | 0.04±0.10 (.703) | 0.15±0.11 (.155) | −0.03±0.12 (.812) |
| Day Level | 0.10±0.06 (.123) | 0.01±0.05 (.900) | −0.05±0.07 (.453) | −0.04±0.07 (.571) | |
| Proportion of CV>36 | Person Level | −0.44±0.47 (.346) | 0.42±0.33 (.203) | 0.35±0.37 (.343) | −0.20±0.43 (.643) |
| Day Level | 0.20±0.12 (.116) | 0.01±0.10 (.914) | −0.21±0.15 (.151) | −0.12±0.13 (.358) | |
| Low Blood Glucose Index | Person Level | −0.06±0.14 (.641) | 0.28±0.10 (<.005) | 0.09±0.11 (.447) | −0.03±0.13 (.836) |
| Day Level | 0.03±0.07 (.609) | −0.13±0.06 (.020) | −0.04±0.08 (.623) | 0.01±0.07 (.893) | |
| High Blood Glucose Index | Person Level | 0.06±0.13 (.678) | −0.01i0.10 (.897) | 0.01±0.11 (.932) | −0.02±0.12 (.852) |
| Day Level | −0.02±0.07 (.820) | 0.07±0.06 (.243) | 0.05±0.09 (.563) | 0.00±0.08 (.986) | |
| Time in Range 70–180mg/dL % | Person Level | −0.12±0.13 (.354) | −0.05±0.09 (.582) | 0.01±0.11 (.888) | 0.11±0.12 (.345) |
| Day Level | 0.10±0.07 (.153) | 0.02±0.06 (.756) | 0.02±0.08 (.810) | −0.05±0.07 (.470) | |
| Hypoglycemia <70mg/dL % | Person Level | −0.16±0.18 (.380) | 0.04±0.17 (.807) | 0.10±0.18 (.600) | −0.07±0.17 (.667) |
| Day Level | −0.04±0.10 (.704) | −0.17±0.08 (.037) | −0.17±0.13 (.195) | 0.09±0.12 (.466) | |
| Hypoglycemia <54mg/dL % | Person Level | −0.45±0.38 (.250) | 0.07±0.28 (.810) | 0.19±0.43 (.662) | −0.08±0.42 (.845) |
| Day Level | 0.48±0.33 (.154) | 0.01±0.19 (.945) | −0.42±0.39 (.295) | 0.01±0.37 (.985) | |
| Hyperglycemia >180mg/dL % | Person Level | 0.08±0.13 (.521) | −0.03±0.10 (.723) | −0.07±0.11 (.508) | −0.09±0.12 (.459) |
| Day Level | −0.04±0.07 (.544) | 0.08±0.06 (.165) | 0.06±0.08 (.482) | 0.04±0.07 (.610) | |
| Hyperglycemia >250mg/dL % | Person Level | −0.08±0.15 (.618) | −0.04±0.11 (.748) | 0.09±0.12 (.448) | −0.03±0.14 (.836) |
| Day Level | 0.05±0.08 (.525) | 0.07±0.06 (.231) | 0.03±0.09 (.778) | 0.08±0.09 (.380) |
Note. βs are standardized coefficients in multilevel model of repeatedly measured sleep characteristic with glucose variability index as predictor. The person level represents how the average glucose variability index is associated with sleep characteristics (between persons) and day level represents how the daily level of glucose is associated with sleep characteristics (within person). Bolded values are significant. P values are rounded.