FIGURE 5.

Increased hypertrophic signaling in RAD deficient CMs. (A) Heatmap shows expression changes of genes related to cardiac hypertrophic signaling pathways in WT and KO CMs at days 40. (B,C) Specific markers for cardiac hypertrophy NPPA, NPPB are significant upregulated in KO CMs. (D) Western blot shows expression of hypertrophic related proteins in WT and KO CMs, respectively. (E) Quantification of protein expression normalized by GAPDH in WT and KO CMs. Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments. ns, not significant; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.