TABLE 1.
Money attitude dimension items with factor loadings.
| Constructs | Measurement items | Factor loadings |
| Money avoidance (MA) | I do not deserve a lot of money when others have less than me. | 0.649 |
| Rich people are greedy. | 0.721 | |
| It is not okay to have more than you need. | 0.567 | |
| People get rich by taking advantage of others. | 0.547 | |
| I do not deserve the money. | 0.533 | |
| Good people should not care about money. | 0.512 | |
| It is hard to be rich and be a good person. | 0.638 | |
| Most rich people do not deserve their money. | 0.607 | |
| There is a virtue in living with less money. | 0.562 | |
| The less money you have, the better life is. | 0.573 | |
| Money corrupts people. | 0.713 | |
| Being rich means you no longer fit in with old friends and family. | 0.637 | |
| The rich take their money for granted. | 0.559 | |
| You cannot be rich and trust what people want from you. | 0.504 | |
| It is hard to accept financial gifts from others. | 0.565 | |
| Money worship (MW) | Things would get better if I had more money. | 0.721 |
| More money will make you happier. | 0.801 | |
| There will never be enough money. | 0.601 | |
| It is hard to be poor and happy. | 0.609 | |
| You can never have enough money. | 0.680 | |
| Money is power. | 0.676 | |
| I will never be able to afford the things I really want in life. | 0.614 | |
| The money would solve all my problems. | 0.658 | |
| If you have money, someone will try to take it away from you. | 0.762 | |
| You can’t trust people around money. | 0.753 | |
| Money status (MS) | Most poor people do not deserve to have money. | 0.555 |
| You can have love or money, but not both. | 0.695 | |
| I will not buy something unless it is new (e.g., car, house). | 0.616 | |
| Money is what gives life meaning. | 0.654 | |
| Your self-worth equals your net worth. | 0.632 | |
| If something is not considered the “best,” it is not worth buying. | 0.804 | |
| People are only as successful as the amount of money they earn. | 0.713 | |
| It is okay to keep secrets from your partner around money. | 0.554 | |
| As long as you live a good life you will always have enough money. | 0.531 | |
| Rich people have no reason to be unhappy. | 0.696 | |
| If you are good, your financial needs will be taken care of. | 0.777 | |
| If someone asked me how much I earned, I would probably tell them I earn more than I actually do. | 0.694 | |
| Money vigilance (MV) | You should not tell others how much money you have or make. | 0.615 |
| It is wrong to ask others how much money they have or make. | 0.736 | |
| Money should be saved not spent. | 0.693 | |
| It is important to save for a rainy day. | 0.721 | |
| People should work for their money and not be given financial handouts. | 0.771 | |
| If someone asked me how much I earned, I would probably tell them I earn less than I actually do. | 0.575 | |
| You should always look for the best deal before buying something, even if it takes more time. | 0.822 | |
| If you cannot pay cash for something, you should not buy it. | 0.776 | |
| It is not polite to talk about money. | 0.595 | |
| I would be a nervous wreck if I did not have money saved for an emergency. | 0.766 | |
| It is extravagant to spend money on oneself. | 0.565 | |
| I would be embarrassed to tell someone how much money I make. | 0.749 |