Table 3.
Upper part: affinity nanobiosensors for SARS, MERS and COVID-19 detection. Lower part: comparison with non-nanostructured biosensors reported in literature for coronavirus detection
| Disease | ABBs type | Transducer | Biomarker | Biosensor Platform | Biosensor format | Linear range | LOD | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS | Immunosensor | FET | Antigen N-protein | Si-SiO2/In2O3 nanowires/AMP fibronectin | Label-free | - | SubnM | [70] |
| MERS | Immunosensor | Amperometric | Antigen spike protein S1 | AuNPs/MERS-CoV antigen/MERS-CoV Ab | Label-based competitive | 0.001–100 ng/mL | 0.4 pg/mL | [74] |
| COVID-19 | Immunosensor | FET | Antigen spike protein S1 | Si-SiO2/graphene/SARS-CoV-2 Ab | Label free | - | 1 fg/mL | [75] |
| COVID-19 | DNA-sensor | PPT+LSPR | SARS-CoV-2 nucleid acid | AuNIs/cDNA | Label free | 0.1 pM −1 mM | 0.22 pM | [76] |
| SARS | Immunosensor | SPR | Anti-SCVme Ab | Au/GBP-SCVme antigen | Label free | - | 200 ng/mL | [77] |
| SARS | Immunosensor | SPR | Antigen N-protein | SARS-CoV Ab | Label-based sandwich | 0.001–10 ng/mL | 1 pg/mL | [78] |
| SARS | Immunosensor | Piezoelectric | SARS-CoV antigen | PQC/SARS-CoV Ab | Label free | 0.6–4 μg/mL | - | [79] |
List of abbreviations: Ab, antibody; AMP, antibody mimics proteins; SCVme, SARS-CoV membrane-envelope protein; GBP, gold binding polypeptide; PQC, piezoelectric quartz crystal; PPT, plasmonic photothermal localized SPR; AuNIs, gold nanoislands; cDNA, complementary DNA