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. 2020 Oct 22;8:469. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00469

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Top Panel: Mean scores for the WAIS-R Vocabulary subtest. Middle Panel: Mean scores for the WAIS-R Block Design subtest. Bottom Panel: Mean scores for the WAIS-R Digit Span subtest. For all panels, bars represent one standard errors. Asterisks summarize the results of post hoc Tukey test comparisons: “*” difference from the typical achievement (TA) control group at p < 0.05; “**” significant difference from the mathematical disability (MD) group at p < 0.05; “***” significant difference from the reading disability (RD) group at p < 0.05. The symbol “#” indicates a marginally significant trend at 0.05 < p < 0.10 on post hoc Tukey test. For the Vocabulary subtest: TA > MD (1.95, [CI: −0.92 to 2.98], p < 0.01); TA > RD (3.10, [CI: 1.90 to 4.30], p < 0.01); TA > MDRD (4.34, [CI: 3.39 to 5.29], p < 0.01). MD > MDRD (2.39, [CI: 2.39 to 3.54], p < 0.01). # RD > MDRD (1.24, [CI: −0.06 to 2.54], p = 0.069). For the Block Design subtest: TA > MD, (2.50, [CI: 1.36 to 3.64], p < 0.01); TA > MDRD (2.89, [CI: 1.84 to 3.94], p < 0.01). For the Digit Span subtest: TA > MD (1.68, [CI: 0.74 to 2.62], p < 0.01); TA > RD (1.36, [CI: 0.26 to 2.45], p = 0.01); TA > MDRD (3.57, [CI: 2.69 to 4.44], p < 0.01). MD > MDRD (1.88, [CI: 0.83 to 2.93], p < 0.01). RD > MDRD (2.21, [CI: 1.02 to 3.40], p < 0.01).