Table 5.

The cognitive profiles of the MD, RD, and MDRD participants.

Domain	MD group	RD group	MDRD group
Reading	N/A	•Impaired phonological processing	•Impaired phonological processing
Math	•Impaired quantitative reasoning	•Impaired quantitative reasoning*	•Impaired quantitative reasoning
Domain- general	•Impaired verbal semantic memory •Impaired verbal working memory •Impaired visuospatial reasoning	•Impaired verbal semantic memory •Impaired verbal working memory	•Impaired verbal semantic memory+ •Impaired verbal working memory+ •Impaired visuospatial reasoning

The symbol

^*indicates an unexpected finding. The symbol + indicates an additive deficit, where the MDRD group demonstrated a significantly greater deficit than either the MD or RD group.