Table 4.
Association and differences between psychological distress and demographic variables, knowledge, anxiety, fear.
| Variable | Psychological distress status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2-test | t-test/ ANOVA | ||||||
| No n (%) | Yes n (%) | χ2 | P-value | M(SD) | t/F | P | |
| Age, years* | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 21.7 (3.3) | 21.1 (2.5) | 0.019 | 2.36 | |||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 134 (48.2) | 144 (51.8) | 0.2 | 0.672 | 16 (6) | −0.55 | 0.580 |
| Female | 78 (50.3) | 77 (49.7) | 15.6 (5.9) | ||||
| Educational program | |||||||
| Arts | 101 (50.5) | 99 (49.5) | 3.1 | 0.382 | 15.6 (6) | 1.40 | 0.332 |
| Engineering | 61 (53) | 54 (47) | 15.3 (5.7) | ||||
| Health sciences/sciences | 32 (43.2) | 42 (56.8) | 16.3 (6.1) | ||||
| Medical | 18 (40.9) | 26 (59.1) | 17.1 (6.3) | ||||
| Dwelling status | |||||||
| Villa | 137 (54.6) | 114 (45.4) | 7.6 | 0.022 | 15.3 (6.1) | 2.57 | 0.053 |
| Apartment | 57 (40.7) | 83 (59.3) | 16.6 (5.6) | ||||
| Dorm/shared | 18 (42.9) | 24 (57.1) | 16.6 (6) | ||||
| Time spend reading about COVID-19 | |||||||
| <1 h | 166 (57.2) | 124 (42.8) | 36.4 | 0.0001 | 14.7 (5.9) | 13.54 | 0.002 |
| 1–2 h | 39 (42.9) | 52 (57.1) | 17.1 (5.7) | ||||
| 3–4 h | 5 (20) | 20 (80) | 18.6 (5) | ||||
| More than 4 h | 2 (7.4) | 25 (92.6) | 20.6 (4.4) | ||||
| History of mental illness | |||||||
| No | 200 (55.1) | 163 (44.9) | 33.8 | 0.0001 | 15 (5.7) | −6.65 | 0.0001 |
| Yes | 12 (17.1) | 58 (82.9) | 19.9 (5.5) | ||||
| COVID-19 knowledge | |||||||
| Inadequate knowledge | 35 (43.8) | 45 (56.3) | 1.1 | 0.302 | 16.1 (5.3) | 0.49 | 0.626 |
| Adequate knowledge | 177 (50.1) | 49 (49.9) | 15.7 (6.1) | ||||
| COVID-19 anxiety | |||||||
| No | 204 (56) | 160 (44) | 45.9 | 0.0001 | 14.9 (5.7) | −7.87 | 0.0001 |
| Yes | 8 (11.6) | 61 (88.4) | 20.7 (4.5) | ||||
| COVID-19 fear* | |||||||
| Mean (SD) | 13.3 (4.7) | 19.7 (6) | 0.0001 | −12.15 | |||
*
Analyzed as continuous variable (t-test) only, P-values in bold are statistically significant. M, Mean; SD, standard deviation.