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. 2020 Oct 22;7:570344. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.570344

Table 1.

Probiotic effects of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in Lactobacilli.

Probiotic effects Paraprobiotics/postbiotics Model References
Immunomodulatory effects Peptidoglycan Mice (39)
Teichoic acid Porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (7)
Cell-wall polysaccharides
Exopolysaccharides
S-layer proteins
Mice and human cell lines
Human cell lines
Mice, 3T3 cells, Mouse cells
(4042)
(8, 43)
(39, 44, 45)
Pili proteins Human cell, Murine cell lines (4648)
Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) Human cell lines (49)
Pyroglutamic acid dipeptides Mouse cell lines (50)
Serine-Threonine peptide Human cell lines (51)
Bacteriocins Human and Mouse cell lines (5254)
Short chain fatty acids Mouse cell lines (55);
(56)
Trp-Indole derivatives Mouse cell (57, 58)
Conjugated linoleic acids Human epithelium cell lines (59)
Antagonistic effects against pathogens Cyclic dipeptides Human cells (60)
Bacteriocins Human, Mouse cells (61);
(62)
Conjugated linoleic acids Human epithelium cell lines (59)
Anti-tumor effects Exopolysaccharides Human colon cancer HT-29 cell (63, 64)
Conjugated linoleic acid
S-layer proteins
Human epithelium cell lines, human prostate cancer cell line
Human HT-29 cell line
(65);
(66)
(67);
(68)
Preservation of intestinal barrier LPXTG proteins Human HT-29 cell line (69)
S-layer proteins Human HT-29 cell line (70)
Moonlighting proteins Human intestinal cell lines (71)
Pili proteins Caco-2 cell line (46, 72)
Aggregation-promoting factor Caco-2 epithelial cell lines (73)
p40 and p75 proteins Mouse cell lines (74, 75)