Table 1.

Inclusion criteria for the recruitment of representatives of each stakeholder group included in the interviews.

Stakeholder group	Inclusion criteria
Investigators/Physicians	•Has been actively involved in clinical trials as a principal investigator or has experience with referring patients abroad/receiving foreign patients •Holds a senior position at a University hospital •Speaks fluent English •Works or has worked in a Member State of the European Union
Patient representatives	•Has experience working as a patient representative •Speaks fluent English •Works or has worked in a Member State of the European Union
Pharmaceutical industry representatives	•Holds a senior management position at a pharmaceutical company •Is actively involved in decision-making •Speaks fluent English
Policy experts	•Has professional experience with clinical research and patient recruitment •Speaks fluent English •Works or has worked in a Member State of the European Union
Ethics committees representatives	•Is member of an ethics committee based in a Member State of the European Union •Speaks fluent English •Works or has worked in a Member State of the European Union
Academic clinical trials sponsors	•Holds a senior position at an organization involved in the conduct of academic clinical trials •Speaks fluent English •Works or has worked in a Member State of the European Union
National contact points	•Holds a position at a designated National contact point as established under Directive 2011/24/EU on patients' rights in cross-border healthcare •Speaks fluent English •Works or has worked in a Member State of the European Union