Table 3.

The serum parameters of calcium, phosphate, and bone turnover biomarkers among groups.

Parameters	Sham	DM	KD
Calcium (mol/L)	2.22 ± 0.09	2.21 ± 0.11	2.25 ± 0.08
Phosphorus (mol/L)	2.28 ± 0.32	2.24 ± 0.27	2.13 ± 0.20
ALP (μmol/L)	3.01 ± 0.34	2.65 ± 0.18*	2.25 ± 0.39*
TRAP (μmol/L)	113.02 ± 6.18	206.25 ± 41.21*	192.34 ± 19.67*
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	629.04 ± 66.53	230.84 ± 54.02*	339.51 ± 64.51*
P1NP (ng/ml)	12.83 ± 1.86	5.62 ± 0.90*	8.83 ± 1.19*
β-CTX (ng/ml)	16.02 ± 2.72	38.93 ± 10.20*	22.27 ± 2.95*#

Data are represented as means ± SD. “*” means P < 0.05 compared to Sham group, and “#” means P < 0.05 between DM and KD groups.