Table 1.
Characteristics of the included trials.
| References | Main characteristic of the subjects | ADHD/ASD | Instruments | Intervention arm | Control arm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Srinivasan et al. (2015) | PA: mean age was 7.88 ± 2.56, n = 12, 83.3% male; CON: mean age was 7.36 ± 2.02, n = 12, 91.7% male. |
ASD | MS: BOT-2 | Rhythm PA (45 min/session, 4 times/week); 8 weeks | None |
| Tse et al. (2019) | PA: mean age was 10.11 ± 1.20, n = 19, 73.7% male; CON: mean age was 9.81 ± 1.17, n = 21, 85.7% male |
ASD | EF: False alarm error, Digit span backward | Basketball skill learning (45 min/session, 2 times/week); 12 weeks | None |
| Pan et al. (2017) | PA: mean age was 9.68 ± 1.61, n = 11, 100% male; CON: mean age was 8.49 ± 1.76, n = 11, 100% male |
ASD | EF: WCST; MS: BOT-2 |
Integrated PA (70 min/session, 2 times/week);12 weeks | Waitlist |
| Bustamante et al. (2016) | PA: mean age was 9.4 ± 2.2, n = 19, 68% male; CON: mean age was 8.7 ± 2, n = 16, 69% male |
ADHD | EF: Stop-signal inhibition task, Automated working memory assessment system | Physical games + modified aerobic sports (90 min/session, 5 times/week); 10 weeks | Sedentary control |
| Liu and Yang (2018) | PA: n = 32, 50% male; CON: n = 32, 50% male |
ADHD | EF: Corsi block tapping test | Orienteering activity (35 min/session, 3 times/week); 14 weeks | None |
| Pan et al. (2019) | PA: mean age was 9.08 ± 1.43, n = 15, 100% male; CON: mean age was 8.9 ± 1.66, n = 15,100% male |
ADHD | EF: WCST; Stroop test MS: TGMD-2 |
Table tennis + group games + conditioning training (70 min/session, 2 times/week); 12 weeks | None |
| Yazd et al. (2015) | PA: 6~12 years, n = 12, 83.3% male; CON: 6~12 years, n = 12, 83.3% male |
ADHD | MS: BOT-2 | Motor training + drug therapy (3 times/week);6 weeks | Drug therapy |
| Mirzaei and Aslankhani, 2015 | PA: mean age was 9.5, n = 4, 100% male; CON: mean age was 9.5, n = 4, 100% male |
ASD | MS: TGMD-2 | Motor exercises (45 min/session, 1 time/week); 12 weeks | None |
| Kadri et al. (2019) | PA: mean age 14.5 ± 3.5, n = 20, 90% male; CON: mean age 14.2 ± 3, n = 20, 90%male |
ADHD | EF: Stroop test | Taekwondo exercise + regular PE classes (50 min/session, 2 times/week); 1.5 year | Regular PE classes |
| Benzing and Schmidt (2019) | PA: mean age was 10.46 ± 1.3, n = 11, 86.4% male; CON:10.39 ± 1.44, n = 12, 81.8% male |
ADHD | EF: Flanker task, Color span backwards MS: German motor test |
Exergaming (30 min/session, 3 times/week); 8 weeks | Waitlist |
| Memarmoghaddam et al. (2016) | PA: mean age was 8.31 ± 1.29, n = 19, 100% male; CON: mean age was 8.29 ± 1.31, n = 17, 100% male |
ADHD | EF: Stroop test, Go/No go test | Aerobic exercise + goal directed exercise (90 min/session, 3 times/week); 8 weeks | None |
PA, physical activity; CON, control group; RCT, randomized control trail; MS, motor skills; EF, executive function; WCST, Wisconsin card sorting test; BOT-2, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency; TGMD-2, Test of Gross Motor Development-2.