TABLE 4.

T-tests comparing knowledge scores for people who use and do not use specific news sources.

	Treatment				Symptoms
News source	N	M	SD	T	M	SD	T
CNN
Use	462	3.17	0.96	–0.382	5.45	1.31	–0.080
Don’t use	679	3.15	0.89		5.45	1.26
Facebook
Use	409	30.01	0.98	3.900***	5.33	1.40	2.387*
Don’t use	732	3.24	0.88		5.52	1.97
Fox News
Use	398	30.06	0.88	2.766**	5.45	1.22	0.029
Don’t use	743	3.21	0.94		5.45	1.31
NPR
Use	137	3.32	0.86	−2.242*	5.53	1.24	–0.822
Don’t use	1,004	3.13	0.93		5.44	1.28
New York Times
Use	215	3.25	0.90	–1.684	5.46	1.38	–0.090
Don’t use	926	3.13	0.92		5.45	1.25
Twitter
Use	215	30.00	10.02	2.621**	5.23	1.46	2.822*
Don’t use	926	3.19	0.89		5.50	1.23
	Spread				Misinformation
News source	N	M	SD	T	M	SD	T
CNN
Use	462	4.81	0.95	–0.422	1.16	0.86	20.054*
Don’t use	679	4.78	0.93		1.27	0.88
Facebook
Use	409	4.77	0.98	0.737	1.34	0.85	−3.360**
Don’t use	732	4.81	0.91		1.16	0.88
Fox News
Use	398	4.75	0.92	1.240	1.37	0.88	−4.117***
Don’t use	743	4.82	0.94		1.15	0.86
NPR
Use	137	4.79	0.90	0.065	0.86	0.88	5.256***
Don’t use	1,004	4.79	0.94		1.27	0.86
New York Times
Use	215	4.79	0.94	0.124	0.99	0.90	4.397***
Don’t use	926	4.79	0.94		1.28	0.86
Twitter
Use	215	4.72	10.04	1.230	1.26	0.91	–0.674
Don’t use	926	4.81	0.91		1.22	0.86

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.