Table 2.
Overview of reported items on early bone pain relief.
| Study (y) | Method of pain score | Timing of pain score | Pain score on baseline | Efficacy treatment on pain | Results specified for NSCLC only | Duration of response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yousef and Alzeftawy (27) | VAS | 3d, 1, 2, 3, 4 w | Fentanyl: 8.09 ± 0.75 Piroxicam: 8.3 ± 0.75 |
At 1 m Fentanyl: 3.37 ± 0.74 Piroxicam: 3.47 ± 0.76 |
No | NR |
| Liu et al. (23) | VAS | 1st, 2nd, 4th w after treatment | Dicl+ Cele: 8.48 ± 1.06 Dicl: 8.53 ± 1.06 Cele: 8.50 ± 1.06 |
At d 282
Dicl+ Cele: 2.40 ± 1.20 Dicl: 3.50 ± 0.70 Cele: 3.40 ± 0.70 |
No | NR |
| Davidov (21) | NR | After 1 and 3 cycles | NR | After 1 cycle: 5/53 pts reduced their analgesic need, 14/53 pts needed more pain medication, 34/53 pts showed no change in pain medication | Yes | NR |
| Sjöland et al. (26) | NRS | Each day | NR | Mean change DAAC pregabalin: -1.53 (1.81) Mean change DAAC (SD) placebo: -1.23 (1.74) |
No | NR |
| Sima et al. (25) | NRS | d 1–3 | Placebo: 5.3 Oxycodone/ paracetamol: 5.2 |
At d 3 PID placebo: 0.3 Oxycodone/ paracetamol: 1.5 |
No | NR |
| Yoh et al. (29) | BPI | Baseline, after 6 w | mean BPI 2.6 ± 0.2 | mean BPI 1.0 ± 0.3 at 6 w (p<0.0001) | Yes | NR |
| Francini et al. (22) | McGill-Melzack pain questionnaire | Baseline, after 1 and 3 m | ZOL 1.98 ± 1.12, IBA 1.88 ± 0.89 | “Trend for more rapid decrease in bone pain score in favor of ZOL” | Yes | NR |
| Zarogoulidis et al. (30) | BPI | Each clinical visit | 78 pts ≤ 4, 8 pts 4 - 6, 1 pt > 8 | “no significant difference between treatment arms in pain effect of ZOL compared to baseline” | Yes | NR |
| Rodríguez et al. (24) | VAS in millimeters | d 3 ± 1, d 7 + 1 | Dexketoprofen: 69 ± 15 Ketorolac: 75 ± 16 |
At d 7 Dexketoprofen: 32 ± 24 Ketorolac: 40 ± 30 |
No | NR |
| Gangi et al. (28) | Indirect measured by scale according reduction of opiate analgesics1 | <48h after intervention, re-evaluation after 2w |
“Pain relief insufficient after treatment with opiate analgesics and RTX and/or CTX” | 55% of pts score ≥3, 74% of pts score ≥2, 26% of pts score11 | No | 10-27 w |
VAS, Visual Analogue scale; w, weeks; Dicl, diclofenac; Cele, celecoxib; d, days; NR, not reported; pts, patients; NRS, numeric rating scale; BPI, brief pain inventory; m, months; RTX, radiotherapy; CTX, chemotherapy.
1Scale consists of the following items: Score 4: complete relief (opiate analgesic drugs no longer necessary), score 3: very good but incomplete relief (75% reduction of analgesic requirement), score 2: good relief (25-50% reduction of analgesic requirement), score 1: little of no relief (<25% reduction or no change of analgesic requirement).
2Gr 1: diclofenac and celecoxib, Gr 2: diclofenac, Gr 3: celecoxib.
3VAS scores at day 7 and 14 are shown in the original article, they showed superiority in pain reduction the diclofenac and celecoxib group.