Table 1.
Variety of TAM markers in cancer.
| Macrophage marker | Function | TAM subpopulation | Type of cancer | Method of detection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD68 | Transmembrane glycoprotein | General macrophage marker | Breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, prostate | IHC, flow cytometry |
| CD80 | Immunoglobulin superfamily | M1 | Colorectal, lung | IHC |
| CD163 | Scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin–haptoglobin complex | M2 | Breast, colorectal, lung | IHC, IF |
| CD204 (MSR1) | Macrophage scavenger receptor | M2 | Breast, colorectal, lung, prostate | IHC |
| CD206 | Mannose receptor and C-type lectin | M2 | Breast, colorectal, ovarian, prostate | IHC, RNA-seq, flow cytometry |
| B7-H4 | Costimulatory protein of antigen-presenting cells | Not specified | Ovarian, lung | IF, flow cytometry |
| CCL8 (MCP2) | Monocyte chemoattractant protein | M2 | Breast | RNA-seq, qPCR |
| COX-2 | Enzyme responsible for formation of prostanoids | M2 | Breast, ovarian | IHC, multiplex IF |
| HLA-DR | MHC class II cell surface receptor | M1 | Lung, ovarian | Multiplexed IHC, IHC |
| IGF1 | Anabolic hormone | M2 | Ovarian | Gene chip analysis |
| iNOS | Enzymes catalyzing the production of NO from L-arginine | M1 | Lung, ovarian | IHC and IF analysis |
| MARCO | Class A scavenger receptor | M2 | Lung | Multiplex IF, RNA-seq |
| MMP-9 | Matrix metalloproteinase | M2 | Breast, lung | IF |
| mTORC2 | Rapamycin-insensitive protein complex | Not specified | Colorectal | IF |
| PD-L1 (CD274) | Immunosuppressive protein | Not specified | Ovarian | IF |
| SIGLEC1 (CD169) | Sialic binding receptor | M2 | Breast | RNA-seq, qPCR |
| SPP1 (Osteopontin) | Protein involved on angiogenesis and metastasis | Not specified | Lung | IHC |
| Stabilin-1 (RS1) | Scavenger receptor | M2 | Breast, colorectal | IHC, IF |
| TIE2 | Angiopoietin receptor | Not specified | Breast | IF |
| TREM-1 | Receptor, regulate inflammatory response | Not specified | Lung | IF, ELISA, Western blot |
| VEGF | Growth factor | Not specified | Colorectal, ovarian | IHC, qPCR |
| VSIG4 | Costimulatory protein of antigen-presenting cells | Not specified | Lung | IF |
| YKL-39 (CHI3L2) | Chitinase-like protein, pro-angiogenic and monocyte chemoattractant | M2 | Breast | IHC, qPCR |
| YKL-40 (CHI3L1) | Chitinase-like protein, pro-angiogenic | M1 | Breast, lung, prostate | IHC, qPCR, ELISA |
| ZEB1 | Transcription factor – driver of epithelial-mesenchymal transition | M2 | Ovarian | IHC |
All details and references are presented throughout the text. IHC, immunohistochemistry; IF, immunofluorescence; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage.