Table 4.
Coping strategies (COPE-28) of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients based on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; absence and presence) and social support level (high and low) variables.
| COPE-28 |
NASH: Ma (SD) |
Social support level: Ma (SD) |
Main effects | Interaction effects | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absence (G1): n = 201 | Presence (G2): n = 291 | High (G3): n = 245 | Low (G4): n = 247 | NASH: F(1,488)p (db) |
Social support level: F(1,488) p (db) |
F(1,488) (p) | |
| Active coping | 1.96 (0.71) |
1.87 (0.68) |
2.21 (0.78) |
1.62 (0.78) |
1.95 0.16 (0.129 N) |
74.35 <0.001 (0.756 M) |
0.10 (0.92) |
| Planning | 1.29 (0.99) |
1.34 (1.02) |
1.63 (0.94) |
1.01 (1.10) |
0.27 0.60 (−0.050 N) |
45.29 <0.001 (0.606 M) |
1.35 (0.25) |
| Instrumental support | 1.15 (0.99) |
1.14 (1.02) |
1.40 (0.94) |
0.88 (0.94) |
0.02 0.88 (0.010 N) |
33.89 <0.001 (0.553 M) |
0.33 (0.56) |
| Emotional support | 1.03 (0.99) |
1.10 (1.02) |
1.33 (0.94) |
0.79 (0.94) |
0.56 0.45 (−0.070 N) |
35.66 <0.001 (0.574 M) |
0.10 (0.75) |
| Self-distraction | 0.67 (0.99) |
0.82 (1.02) |
0.68 (0.94) |
0.80 (0.94) |
2.53 0.11 (−0.149 N) |
1.83 0.18 (−0.128 N) |
1.23 (0.27) |
| Venting | 0.98 (0.99) |
1.02 (1.02) |
1.17 (1.09) |
0.83 (1.10) |
0.15 0.70 (−0.040 N) |
13.55 <0.001 (0.310 S) |
0.75 (0.39) |
| Disengagement | 0.30 (0.57) |
0.31 (0.51) |
0.14 (0.47) |
0.47 (0.47) |
0.11 0.74 (−0.018 N) |
50.74 <0.001 (−0.702 M) |
0.19 (0.66) |
| Positive reframing | 1.35 (0.99) |
1.16 (1.02) |
1.58 (0.94) |
0.93 (0.94) |
4.33 0.04 (0.189 N) |
52.02 <0.001 (0.691 M) |
0.47 (0.49) |
| Denial | 0.18 (0.42) |
0.24 (0.34) |
0.12 (0.47) |
0.30 (0.47) |
2.63 0.10 (−0.157 N) |
21.32 <0.001 (−0.383 S) |
4.14 (0.04) |
| Acceptance | 2.04 (0.71) |
1.99 (0.68) |
2.29 (0.78) |
1.75 (0.78) |
0.64 0.42 (0.072 N) |
61.92 <0.001 (0.692 M) |
1.44 (0.23) |
| Religion | 0.84 (1.13) |
0.99 (1.19) |
0.90 (1.25) |
0.94 (1.26) |
2.00 0.16 (−0.129 N) |
0.117 0.73 (−0.032 N) |
0.01 (0.94) |
| Humor | 1.11 (0.99) |
1.00 (1.02) |
1.29 (1.09) |
0.82 (0.94) |
1.45 0.23 (0.109 N) |
24.21 <0.001 (0.462 S) |
0.02 (0.89) |
| Self-blame | 0.55 (0.71) |
0.50 (0.68) |
0.39 (0.78) |
0.66 (0.78) |
0.43 0.51 (0.072 N) |
18.35 <0.001 (−0.346 S) |
1.94 (0.16) |
A 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA (Snedecor's F) was applied.
a
Higher scores show more use of the coping strategy.
b
Effect sizes: N, null; S, small; M, medium.