Table 8.
Comparison of mental health (HADS and BDI-II) between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity groups: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; with and without significant fibrosis) and no-NASH (with and without significant fibrosis).
|
No-NASH without significant fibrosis (Ga): n = 175 |
NASH with significant fibrosis (Gb): n = 159 |
No-NASH with significant fibrosis (Gc): n = 26 |
NASH without significant fibrosis (Gd): n = 132 |
Statistic | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ma (SD) | Ma (SD) | Ma (SD) | Ma (SD) | ||||
| HADS | Total anxiety | 3.19 (3.37) |
4.39 (3.95) |
3.12 (3.94) |
3.14 (3.41) |
U(3, 108.869) = 3.72 | 0.01 |
| Total depression | 2.09 (2.94) |
4.09 (4.44) |
3.08 (4.49) |
2.00 (2.62) |
U(3, 106.161) = 9.46 | <0.001 | |
| BDI–II | Total depression | 5.75 (7.11) |
9.89 (9.28) |
8.19 (8.26) |
5.08 (5.57) |
U(3, 108.396) = 10.73 | <0.001 |
| Post hoc comparisons | |||||||
| Ga–Gb: p (db) | Ga–Gc: p (db) | Ga–Gd: p (db) | Gb–Gc: p (db) | Gb–Gd: p (db) | Gc–Gd: p (db) | ||
| HADS | Total anxiety | 0.02 (−0.327 S) |
1.00 (0.019 N) |
1.00 (0.015 N) |
0.43 (0.322 S) |
0.02 (0.339 S) |
1.00 (−0.005 N) |
| Total depression | <0.001 (−0.531 M) |
0.70 (−0.261 S) |
0.99 (0.032 N) |
1.71 (0.226 S) |
<0.001 (0.573 M) |
0.64 (0.284 S) |
|
| BDI-II | Total depression | <0.001 (−0.501 M) |
0.49 (−0.317 S) |
0.78 (0.105 N) |
0.77 (0.193 N) |
<0.001 (0.628 M) |
0.27 (0.441 S) |
A one-way ANOVA (Welch's U) with Games–Howell post hoc pairwise analysis were applied.
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory—II.
a
Higher scores show worse mental health.
b
Effect sizes: N, null; S, small; M, medium.