FIGURE 6.

Expression of defense-related genes in rose. At 6 (A), 24 (B), and 48 hpi (C) with C58, plant samples were harvested for extraction of RNA. The values indicate the fold-change of the expression levels of each gene in the plants with inoculation relative to control detected by qRT-PCR. All genes were normalized using ACTIN as a reference. Expression levels of salicylic acid-related genes and ethylene- or jasmonic acid-related genes were determined in untreated and CLA178-pretreated rose plants treated with PBS or infected with the C58 pathogen. Control plants were treated with sterile PBS. “Un” and “Pre” indicate untreated and CLA178-pretreated plants, respectively. The data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Capital letters indicate the grouping for statistical analysis. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences between the plants subjected to various treatments (Duncan’s least significant difference, P < 0.05).