Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of male and female patients with COVID-19 on admission
| Variables | Male patients (n = 72) | Female patients (n = 62) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year (IQR) | 42 (37, 47) | 45 (39,47) | 0.111 |
| Time from the onset of illness to hospital admission, days (IQR) | 10 (7, 14) | 10 (7, 14) | 0.404 |
| Length of hospital stay, days (IQR) | 18 (14, 24) | 17 (13, 22) | 0.695 |
| Symptom, n (%) | |||
| Fever (temperature ⩾ 37.3 °C) | 65 (90.3) | 56 (90.3) | 0.993 |
| Diarrhoea | 11 (15.3) | 15 (24.2) | 0.193 |
| Cough | 58 (80.6) | 51 (82.3) | 0.801 |
| Fatigue | 19 (26.4) | 21 (33.9) | 0.345 |
| Chest distress | 35 (48.6) | 25 (40.3) | 0.336 |
| Treatment, n (%) | |||
| Antibiotics | 55 (76.4) | 42 (67.7) | 0.264 |
| Antiviral treatment | 69 (95.8) | 61 (98.4) | 0.386 |
| Corticosteroids | 30 (41.7) | 16 (25.8) | 0.054 |
| IVIG | 20 (27.8) | 9 (14.5) | 0.063 |
| HFNC | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.186 |
| NIV | 1 (1.4) | 4 (6.5) | 0.123 |
| IV | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.186 |
| ECMO | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.352 |
| Physiological parameter (IQR) | |||
| Heart rate, per min | 92 (81, 102) | 88 (78, 101) | 0.110 |
| Systolic pressure | 124 (118, 132) | 120 (113, 129) | 0.070 |
| Diastolic pressure | 80 (72, 90) | 76 (70, 86) | 0.070 |
| RR, breaths per min | 20 (20, 21), n = 71 | 20 (20,22) | 0.488 |
| SpO2, % | 96(95, 98), n = 68 | 97 (95, 99), n = 58 | 0.283 |
| Biological parameters (IQR) | |||
| WBC, × 109/l | 5.3 (4.4, 6.7) | 5.4 (3.9, 7.0) | 0.815 |
| Neutrophil, × 109/l | 3.8 (2.5, 5.0) | 3.6 (2.2, 4.7) | 0.693 |
| Lymphocyte, × 109/l | 1.1 (0.78, 1.4) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 0.269 |
| Haemoglobin, g/l | 138 (129, 146) | 124 (114, 131) | <0.0001 |
| Platelet, × 109/l | 210.5 (162.8, 295.8) | 242.0 (184.0, 312.8) | 0.131 |
| Albumin, g/l | 36.3 (33.1, 38.7) | 36.6 (32.8, 39.8) | 0.560 |
| LDH, U/l | 304.0 (222.0, 424.8) | 247.0 (211.8, 294.3) | 0.005 |
| NaHCO3, mmol/l | 23.6 (21.9, 25.2) | 24.1 (23.0, 25.5) | 0.141 |
| Urea, mmol/l | 3.6 (2.8, 4.5) | 3.6 (2.7, 4.6) | 0.510 |
| Creatinine, μmol/l | 75.0 (65.0, 84.0) | 50.0 (55.5, 65.0) | <0.0001 |
| Creatine kinase, U/l | 139.0 (64.5, 195.5), n = 21 | 52.0 (36.0, 86.0), n = 21 | 0.008 |
| CRP, mg/l | 47.3 (9.6, 92.4), n = 70 | 12.3(2.5, 36.3) | 0.001 |
| PCT, ng/ml | 0.09 (0.04, 0.16), n = 45 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06), n = 43 | <0.0001 |
| SF, μg/l | 965.6 (677.7, 1536.5), n = 17 | 225.0 (106.1, 604.7), n = 23 | <0.0001 |
| Fibrinogen, g/l | 5.7 (4.5, 6.5), n = 59 | 4.3 (3.7, 5.3), n = 50 | 0.001 |
| hs-cTnI, pg/ml | 3.6 (1.9, 6.5), n = 47 | 1.9 (1.9, 3.5), n = 47 | 0.008 |
| IL-2R, U/ml | 808.5 (530.8, 992.5), n = 24 | 675.0 (474.0, 755.0), n = 27 | 0.160 |
| IL-6, pg/ml | 18.3 (6.0, 42.0), n = 24 | 6.3 (1.9, 23.3), n = 27 | 0.061 |
| IL-8, pg/ml | 15.2 (8.1, 21.0), n = 24 | 11.8 (7.7, 25), n = 27 | 0.651 |
| IL-10, pg/ml | 5.1 (5.0, 10.2), n = 24 | 5.0 (5.0, 7.3), n = 27 | 0.184 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 62.0 (18.0, 158.8), n = 44 | 62.5 (19.8, 201.0), n = 42 | 0.628 |
| D-Dimer, μg/ml | 0.57 (0.37, 1.17), n = 68 | 0.56 (0.31, 1.14), n = 59 | 0.617 |
IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobin; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy; NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; IV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; WBC, white blood cell count; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; SF, serum ferritin; hs-cTnI, hypersensitive cardiac troponin I; NT-proBNP, N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide.
Data are shown as the median (IQR), n (%), n, where n is the actual number with available data. Categorical variables were analysed using chi-squared (χ2) test or Fisher's exact test as needed. Comparisons of continuous variables were analysed using the Mann−Whitney U test for they did not conform to the normal distribution.