Table 1.
Basic demographic characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|
| n | % | |
| Age (years) | ||
| Mean | 28·3 | |
| sd | 8·7 | |
| Gender (female) | 827 | 81·7 |
| Marital status (married) | 337 | 33·3 |
| Education level | ||
| Literate | 7 | 0·7 |
| Primary school | 30 | 3·0 |
| High school | 88 | 8·7 |
| Undergraduate or graduate | 887 | 87·6 |
| Smoking (yes) | 153 | 15·1 |
| Current working status | ||
| Not working | 525 | 51·9 |
| Unpaid vacation | 65 | 6·4 |
| Paid vacation | 126 | 12·5 |
| Flexible overtime | 158 | 15·6 |
| Working | 129 | 12·7 |
| Dismissal | 9 | 0·9 |
| Chronic disease (available) | 104 | 10·3 |
| Nutritional supplements (available) | 270 | 26·7 |
| Multivitamin-mineral | 91 | 9·0 |
| Vitamin C | 41 | 4·1 |
| Vitamin D | 25 | 2·5 |
| Vitamin B12 | 4 | 0·4 |
| Zn | 19 | 1·9 |
| n-3 | 14 | 1·4 |
| Krill oil | 1 | 0·1 |
| Probiotic | 7 | 0·7 |
| Turmeric extract | 1 | 0·1 |
| Nigella sativa | 9 | 0·9 |
| β-Glucan | 6 | 0·6 |
| Propolis | 25 | 2·5 |
| Black elderberry | 10 | 1·0 |
| Reishi mushroom | 1 | 0·1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| Mean | 23·5 | |
| sd | 4·7 | |
| FCV-19S scores | ||
| Mean | 19·1 | |
| sd | 6·3 | |
| GAD-7 test scores | ||
| Mean | 5·7 | |
| sd | 4·8 | |
BMI: Body Mass Index; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; FCV-19S, Fear of COVID-19 Scale.
Distribution of individuals according to their skipping status is given in Table 2. While individuals skipped less breakfast and snacks during the COVID-19 pandemic, the frequency of skipping lunch increased significantly (P < 0·05).