Table 1.

Clinically and economically important bioactive molecules from Streptomyces species, including name, mode of action and source

Bioactive molecule	Type	Species	Location /soil type
Bialaphos	Herbicide	S. hygroscopicus	Easter Island, soil [74]
Bleomycin	Anticancer	'S. verticillus'	Soil, coal mine [75]
Chloramphenicol	Antibiotic	S. venezuelae	Soil and compost [76]
Cineromycin A+B	Inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells via Krüppel-like factors 2 and 3	S. cinerochromogenes	Tama Graveyard soil, Tokyo, Japan [77]
Clavulanic acid	β-lactamase inhibitor	S. clavuligerus	South American soil sample [78]
Clindamycin + lincomycin	Antibiotic + Antibiotic for mycoplasmas and Actinomyces	S. lincolnensis	Lincoln, NE, USA [79]
Daptomycin	Lipopeptide antibiotic	S. roseosporus	Mount Ararat, Turkey [80]
Erythromycin	Antibiotic	S. erythraeus	Soil, Philippines [81]
Fosfomycin	Broad-spectrum antibiotic against urinary tract infections	S. fradiae	Soil, Mount Montgo, Spain [82]
Ivermectin	Antiparasitic, anti-onchocerciasis and anti-lymphatic filariasis	S. avermitilis	Japanese golf course [83]
Kanamycin	Antibiotic	S. kanamyceticus	Soil, Nagano, Japan [84]
Neomycin	Antibiotic	S. fradiae and 'S. albogriseus'	Soil [85]
Nystatin	Antifungal	S. noursei	Garden soil [86]
Rapamycin	Antifungal, antitumour immunosuppressive	S. hygroscopicus	Easter Island, soil [87]
Saframycin(s) A, B, C, D and E	Anticancer	S. lavendulae subsp. grasserius	Tama Graveyard, Tokyo, Japan [88]
Streptomycin	Antibiotic against TB, cholera, bubonic plague	S. griseus	Compost manure, Rutgers Farm, New York, USA [12]
Tetracycline	Antibiotic	S. aureofaciens and S. rimosus	Timothy grassland, Sanborn Field, University of Missouri, USA [89]
Vancomycin	Antibiotic	'S. orientalis' (now named Amycolatopsis orientalis )	Borneo dirt [90]