TABLE 2.
Antimicrobial non-susceptibility of 1845 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates by collection year, 2002–2018.
| Agenta |
% of non-susceptible isolates |
|||||||||
| 2002 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2002-2018 | |
| n = 320 | n = 316 | n = 302 | n = 289 | n = 196 | n = 116 | n = 118 | n = 99 | n = 89 | n = 1845 | |
| β-lactam | ||||||||||
| AMC (non-meningitis) | 14.0 | 17.4 | 9.2b | NTc | 19.4 | 34.5 | 39.0 | 31.3 | 32.6 | 20.1 |
| Cefepime (non-meningitis) | 28.1 | 31.0 | 8.9 | 21.8 | 5.1 | 33.6 | 45.8 | 21.2 | 42.7 | 23.9 |
| (meningitis) | 64.3 | 64.2 | 56.6 | 70.6 | 24.5 | 65.5 | 70.3 | 57.6 | 61.8 | 59.7 |
| Cefotaxime (non-meningitis) | 21.8 | 23.4 | 8.6 | 13.5 | 6.1 | 37.1 | 39.8 | 14.1 | 34.8 | 19.3 |
| (meningitis) | 63.1 | 64.5 | 53.0 | 63.3 | 25.0 | 62.1 | 68.6 | 54.6 | 57.3 | 57.2 |
| Ceftriaxone (non-meningitis) | 24.7 | 24.1 | 9.3 | 23.5 | 7.1 | 37.9 | 49.2 | 30.3 | 47.2 | 23.8 |
| (meningitis) | 63.1 | 65.2 | 55.3 | 69.9 | 32.1 | 67.2 | 72.9 | 57.6 | 60.7 | 60.4 |
| Cefuroxime (oral) | 66.0 | 68.1 | 68.8 | 74.4 | 60.2 | 72.4 | 82.2 | 83.8 | 80.9 | 70.7 |
| (parenteral) | 68.7 | 70.2 | 71.2 | 75.4 | 67.9 | 74.1 | 83.1 | 83.8 | 80.9 | 73.0 |
| Meropenem | 61.9 | 63.3 | 49.4 | 66.8 | 33.7 | 61.2 | 73.7 | 71.7 | 70.8 | 59.5 |
| Penicillin (oral) | 75.3 | 78.8 | 77.8 | 83.0 | 76.5 | 81.0 | 90.7 | 90.9 | 88.8 | 80.5 |
| (parenteral, non-meningitis) | 35.3 | 41.7 | 16.6 | 34.2 | 16.3 | 31.9 | 42.4 | 40.4 | 39.3 | 31.9 |
| (parenteral, meningitis) | 75.3 | 78.8 | 77.8 | 83.0 | 76.5 | 81.0 | 90.7 | 90.9 | 88.8 | 80.5 |
| Non-β-lactam | ||||||||||
| Chloramphenicol | 49.1 | 47.2 | 41.1 | 33.6 | 25.0 | 31.0 | 33.9 | 25.3 | 24.7 | 37.9 |
| Clindamycin | NT | NT | NT | 66.8 | 61.7 | 76.7 | 83.1 | 82.8 | 80.9 | 72.2 |
| Erythromycin | 91.2 | 92.7 | 93.0 | 95.2 | 90.8 | 94.0 | 97.5 | 93.9 | 91.0 | 93.1 |
| Levofloxacin | 3.7 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.2 |
| Tetracycline | 95.0 | 95.2 | 95.0 | 95.9 | 89.3 | 90.5 | 97.5 | 91.9 | 93.3 | 94.2 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 68.4 | 71.5 | 75.2 | 74.0 | 67.9 | 70.7 | 69.5 | 66.7 | 55.1 | 70.3 |
aLinezolid and vancomycin were also tested for all study years and no resistance was found. bUnderlined, % non-susceptible differed significantly (p < 0.05) from previous study year. cNT, Not tested.