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. 2020 Oct 22;11:587709. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587709

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Copyright © 2020 Sutanto and Heijman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The cellular effects of CQ and AZM in the population of 1,000 canine ventricular epicardial myocyte models. (A) The APs of 592 models included in the study, with the 408 excluded non-physiological APs shown as gray lines. (B–E) The frequency distribution of APD in non-treated, CQ, AZM and combined groups. (F) The incidence of EAD/repolarization failure (RF) observed in the population-based study (as percentage of models). (G) Boxplot showing the distribution of relative changes in ionic currents to accommodate the interindividual variability. AP, action potential; APD, action potential duration; Ctl, control; EAD, early afterdepolarization; ISO, isoproterenol; RF, repolarization failure.