TABLE 1.

Studies of the Effects of Exercise Intervention on Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Study	Sample(s)	Study Design	Age	Intervention	Period	Outcome Measurements	Result
Messler et al., 2018	28	RCTs	8–13 (male)	HIIT (3 times/wk, 25 min/session)	3 weeks	FBB-HKS, SBB-HKS	Concentration levels improved significantly.
Memarmoghaddam et al., 2016	40	RCTs	7–11 (male)	Walking, treadmill running, high jump, ball sports (3 times/wk, 90 min/session)	8–12 weeks	GHA, BSQ	Attention and behavior inhibition in the ADHD group were improved.
Benzing and Schmidt, 2017	66	RCTs	8–12	Shape up exercise (3 times/wk, 30 min/session)	13 weeks	The Conners-3 scales	Positive effects on the executive functions, sport motor performance. and ADHD symptoms.
Benzing and Schmidt, 2019	51	RCTs	8–12	Exergaming (3 times/wk, 30 min/session)	8 weeks	The Conners-3 scales	Exergaming benefited executive functions and motor abilities in children with ADHD.
Bustamante et al., 2016	35	RCTs	6–12	After-school exercise program (5 times/wk, 90 min/session)	10 weeks	STOPIT, AWMA-S	ADHD symptoms in children improved.

AWMA-S, Automated Working Memory Assessment System Short Version; BSQ, Behavior Screening Questionnaire; FBB-HKS, German Version of the Questionnaire for External Evaluation by the Guardians; GHA, General Health Assessment; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; RCTs, randomized controlled trials; SBB-HKS, the form for self-assessment by the children; STOPIT, secondary executive function outcomes included the Stop Signal Inhibition Task.