TABLE 2.

Three Meta-Analyses About Exercise Intervention as Treatment for Depression.

Study	Time Period Searched	Databases	Number of Studies	Sample (s)	Age	Design	Interventions	Outcome Measures	Meta-Analysis of Outcomes	Results
Schuch et al., 2016a	2013.01– 2015.08	ASP, MEDLINE, Psychology, BSC, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Plus, PubMed	25	1,487	18.4 to 76.4 (mean)	RCTs	Aerobic, resistance, mixed exercises	BDI, CSDD, GDS, HAMD, MADRS, MMPI, PHQ-9, SCL	SMD, 95% CI	Exercise has a large and significant antidepressant effect in people with depression.
Kvam et al., 2016	2007.01– 2014.11	SD, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL	23	977	18 to 69 (mean)	RCTs	Aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise + pharmacotherapy	BDI, CESD, HAMD, SCL-90	Hedges’s, 95% CI	Physical exercise is an effective intervention for depression.
Cooney et al., 2013	All years–2013.03	Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SD	39	2,326	> 18	RCTs	Aerobic, resistance, aerobic+ resistance	BDI, HAMD	SMD, 95% CI	Exercise may be moderately more effective than no therapy for reducing symptoms of depression, but more evidence is needed.

ASP, Academic Search Premier; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BSC, Behavioral Sciences Collection; CENTRAL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CESD, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CSDD, Cornel Scale for Depression in Dementia; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MADRS, Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; SD, Sports Discus; SMD, standardized mean difference; SCL and SCL-90, Symptom Checklist; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.