Table 2. Associations Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Epigenetic Age Acceleration (N = 2630).

Variable	No. (%)	z Score
		Horvath		Hannum		PhenoAge		GrimAge
		β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value
Crude models
Level 1: ≤25	1256 (47.8)	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Level 2: 26-50	785 (29.8)	0.06 (−0.03 to 0.15)	.21	0.11 (0.02-0.19)	.02	0.14 (0.05-0.23)	.003	0.18 (0.09-0.26)	.0001
Level 3: 51-75	430 (16.4)	0.06 (−0.05 to 0.17)	.28	0.13 (0.02-0.24)	.02	0.18 (0.07-0.29)	.001	0.26 (0.16- 0.37)	<.0001
Level 4: 76-100	159 (6.0)	0.01 (−0.15 to 0.18)	.86	0.16 (−0.01 to 0.32)	.06	0.17 (0.001-0.33)	.049	0.25 (0.09-0.42)	.002
Weighted-unadjusted modelsa
Level 1: ≤25	1256 (47.8)	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Level 2: 26-50	785 (29.8)	0.11 (−0.01 to 0.23)	.08	0.20 (0.07-0.33)	.002	0.26 (0.14-0.39)	<.001	0.30 (0.17-0.42)	<.001
Level 3: 51-75	430 (16.4)	0.13 (−0.04 to 0.31)	.12	0.20 (0.04-0.36)	.01	0.35 (0.21-0.49)	<.001	0.35 (0.19-0.50)	<.001
Level 4: 76-100	159 (6.0)	0.03 (−0.20 to 0.26)	.83	0.23 (0.01-0.45)	.04	0.28 (0.06-0.50)	.01	0.37 (0.12-0.62)	.004
Weighted and adjusteda,b
Level 1: ≤25	1256 (47.8)	1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]		1 [Reference]
Level 2: 26-50	785 (29.8)	0.09 (−0.04 to 0.23)	.17	0.14 (0.002-0.28)	.047	0.21 (0.08-0.34)	.001	0.16 (0.06-0.27)	.003
Level 3: 51-75	430 (16.4)	0.12 (−0.06 to 0.31)	.19	0.12 (−0.05 to 0.30)	.17	0.29 (0.13-0.45)	<.001	0.23 (0.10-0.37)	<.001
Level 4: 76-100	159 (6.0)	−0.01 (−0.27 to 0.24)	.93	0.09 (−0.15 to 0.33)	.45	0.16 (−0.08 to 0.40)	.20	0.12 (−0.09 to 0.33)	.26

^aWeighted for case-cohort sampling scheme.

^bAdjusted for smoking status, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol, body mass index, income, and educational level.