Table 2. Postoperative Clinical and Self-reported Outcomes 30 Days After Hospital Discharge.
| Variable | No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 653) | PAM | |||
| Low (n = 152) | High (n = 501) | |||
| Any unplanned health care utilization | 164 (25) | 64 (42) | 100 (20) | <.001a |
| ED visits | 106 (16) | 33 (22) | 73 (15) | .03a |
| Readmission | 71 (11) | 16 (11) | 55 (11) | .89 |
| Outpatient clinic visit | 77 (12) | 41 (27) | 36 (7) | <.001a |
| Return to work within 30 d (n = 259)b | 108 (42) | 18 (29) | 90 (45) | .02a |
| Lost time from work, median (IQR), d | 19 (15-22) | 18 (15-21) | 19 (15-22) | .68 |
| Hospital LOS, median (IQR) | 3 (1-5) | 3.5 (2-6) | 3 (1-5) | .04a |
| Postoperative complications | 223 (34) | 63 (41) | 160 (32) | .03a* |
| Clavien-Dindo grade | ||||
| None | 430 (67) | 89 (59) | 341 (68) | .14 |
| I | 107 (16) | 28 (18) | 79 (16) | |
| II | 64 (10) | 18 (12) | 46 (9) | |
| ≥III | 52 (8) | 17 (11) | 35 (7) | |
| Comprehensive complication index | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0-9) | 0 (0-15) | 0 (0-9) | .02a |
| Mean (SD) | 7.7 (14.6) | 9.6 (15.7) | 7.1 (13.2) | .06 |
| Timing of complication (n = 223)c | ||||
| In hospital (initial admission) alone | 129 (58) | 33 (52) | 96 (60) | .29 |
| Postdischarge alone | 67 (30) | 17 (27) | 50 (31) | .54 |
| Both | 27 (12) | 13 (21) | 14 (9) | .01a |
| Mortality | 5 (1) | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | .67 |
| EQ VAS, mean (95% CI) (n = 576)d,e | 75 (74-77) | 70 (67-73) | 77 (75-79) | <.001a |
| EQ-5D-5L, mean (95% CI) (n = 576)d,f | ||||
| Mobility | 1.68 (1.62-1.75) | 1.87 (1.73-2.02) | 1.63 (1.56-1.71) | .003a |
| Self-care | 1.61 (1.54-1.67) | 1.73 (1.58-1.87) | 1.57 (1.49-1.65) | .05 |
| Usual activity | 2.39 (2.33-2.47) | 2.64 (2.51-2.77) | 2.33 (2.25-2.40) | <.001a |
| Pain or discomfort | 1.79 (1.74-1.86) | 1.95 (1.82-2.07 | 1.75 (1.69-1.81) | .006a |
| Anxiety/depression | 1.43 (1.38-1.49) | 1.64 (1.50-1.77) | 1.37 (1.31-1.43) | <.001a |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; EQ-5D-5L, 5-level EuroQoL 5-dimension; EQ VAS, EuroQol visual analogue scale; IQR, interquartile range; LOS, length of stay; PAM, Patient Activation Measure (range, 0-100).
a
P value statistically significant at <.05.
b
Among patients employed with 30-day postdischarge telephone follow-up.
c
Among patients with postoperative complications.
d
Among patients with 30-day postdischarge telephone follow-up.
e
Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher quality of life.
f
Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.