Table 2.
Use of supportive care medications in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 by disease severity
| Medication class | Severity level on admissiona | p for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1, N (%) Total N = 1000 |
2, N (%) Total N = 602 |
3, N (%) Total N = 236 |
4, N (%) Total N = 152 |
5, N (%) Total N = 831 |
||
| Statins | 568 (57) | 386 (64) | 182 (77) | 92 (61) | 505 (61) | 0.1375 |
| ACEI/ARB | 247 (25) | 138 (23) | 61 (26) | 34 (22) | 149 (18) | 0.0008 |
| Prophylactic anticoagulants | 712 (71) | 459 (76) | 168 (71) | 94 (62) | 536 (65) | < 0.0001 |
| Therapeutic parenteral anticoagulants | 84 (8) | 63 (11) | 45 (19) | 33 (22) | 290 (35) | < 0.0001 |
| Therapeutic oral anticoagulants | 121 (12) | 86 (14) | 40 (17) | 22 (15) | 138 (17) | 0.0072 |
| Antibiotics | 522 (52) | 364 (61) | 180 (76) | 124 (82) | 684 (82) | < 0.0001 |
| Anti-influenza agentsb | 4 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 13 (2) | 0.0009 |
| Other non-HIV anti-viral therapiesc | 16 (2) | 14 (2) | 9 (4) | 5 (3) | 28 (3) | 0.0120 |
| Inhalers | 254 (25) | 226 (38) | 108 (46) | 62 (41) | 319 (38) | < 0.0001 |
| Nebulizers | 210 (21) | 216 (36) | 102 (43) | 60 (40) | 306 (37) | < 0.0001 |
| IV PPI | 70 (7) | 45 (8) | 34 (14) | 26 (17) | 236 (28) | < 0.0001 |
| Oral PPI | 301 (30) | 192 (32) | 97 (41) | 53 (35) | 335 (40) | < 0.0001 |
| IV H2RA | 44 (4) | 36 (6) | 23 (10) | 18 (12) | 207 (25) | < 0.0001 |
| Oral H2RA | 99 (10) | 61 (10) | 38 (16) | 25 (16) | 247 (30) | < 0.0001 |
ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers, H2RA H2-receptor antagonists, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, IV intravenous, PPI proton pump inhibitors
aWe defined COVID-19 disease severity as follows: severity level 1, hospitalized but not requiring supplemental oxygen; level 2, hospitalized and requiring supplemental oxygen ≤ 2 L/min; severity level 3, hospitalized and requiring oxygen therapy 3–4 L/min; level 4, hospitalized and requiring oxygen therapy ≥ 5 L/min or receiving nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, non-rebreather, or noninvasive mechanical ventilation; level 5, receiving invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or admitted to an intensive care unit
bOseltamivir or amantadine
cAcyclovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, valganciclovir