Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with suspected carbohydrate malabsorption and overview of test results.
| Patients | All | 2–5 years | 6–8 years | 9–11 years | 12–14 years | 15–18 years |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tests, n (%) | ||||||
| Fructose | 187 (100) | 27 (14) | 35 (19) | 47 (25) | 35 (19) | 43 (23) |
| Lactose | 82 (100) | 20 (24) | 13 (16) | 17 (21) | 14 (17) | 18 (22) |
| Sex, female/male ratio | ||||||
| Fructose | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 3.3 |
| Lactose | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.6 |
| Age, years (range/mean) | ||||||
| Fructose | 2.3–18 (11.0) | 4.5 | 7.7 | 10.4 | 13.3 | 16.4 |
| Lactose | 2.9–18 (10.4) | 4.5 | 7.1 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 16.5 |
| HBT positive, n (%) | ||||||
| Fructose | 113 (60) | 23 (12) | 24 (13) | 32 (17) | 20 (11) | 14 (7) |
| Lactose | 16 (20) | 3 (4) | 3 (4) | 2 (2) | 3 (4) | 5 (6) |
| MBT positive, n (%) | ||||||
| Fructose | 66 (35) | 16 (9) | 19 (10) | 20 (11) | 7 (4) | 4 (2) |
| Lactose | 14 (17) | 2 (2) | 3 (4) | 2 (2) | 4 (5) | 3 (4) |
| BST positive, n (%) | ||||||
| Fructose | 109 (58) | 13 (7) | 18 (10) | 27 (14) | 17 (9) | 34 (18) |
| Lactose | 12 (15) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 3 (4) | 3 (4) | 5 (6) |
| Symptoms positive, n (%) | ||||||
| Fructose | 51 (27) | 11 (6) | 5 (3) | 13 (7) | 6 (3) | 16 (9) |
| Lactose | 23 (28) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 7 (9) | 4 (5) | 8 (10) |
| NMP positive, n (%) | ||||||
| Fructose | 47 (25) | 7 (4) | 5 (3) | 12 (6) | 13 (7) | 10 (5) |
| Lactose | 3 (4) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) |
HBT hydrogen breath test (an increase of H2 ≥ 20 ppm over baseline was considered positive). MBT methane breath test (a CH4 concentration ≥ 10 ppm at any time point was considered positive). BST Blood sugar test (an increase of blood glucose < 1.1 mmol/L at any time point was considered positive). Symptoms patients who showed or reported any symptoms during the test procedure. NMP non-methane producer (patients with a positive HBT but with a negative MBT).