Table 2.
Distribution of inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers by demographic factors for SWAN cohort, 1999–2004a
| Variable | Nb | hs-CRPd | Fibrinogen | Factor VIIc | tPA-ag | PAI-1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Unit) | mg/l | mg/dl | % | ng/ml | ng/ml | ||
| N of samplesc | 5982 | 4913 | 2638 | 2604 | 5634 | 5587 | |
| All participants | 1694 | 1.6 (3.4) | 367.8 (81.0) | 130.9 (34.1) | 7.1 (4.4) | 14.6 (19.5) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | African American | 32% | 2.7 (4.4) | 388.0 (86.4) | 130.0 (34.2) | 7.9 (4.7) | 16.6 (20.2) |
| Asian | 18% | 0.8 (1.3) | 354.9 (72.2) | 129.0 (28.6) | 6.2 (3.9) | 11.2 (16.0) | |
| Hispanic | 6% | 2.6 (4.0) | 370.0 (79.8) | 129.1 (34.2) | 8.7 (4.3) | 20.1 (22.0) | |
| White | 44% | 1.6 (3.1) | 362.8 (76.8) | 134.6 (34.9) | 6.9 (4.1) | 14.0 (19.7) | |
| p-valuef | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| Education | ≤ High school | 23% | 1.7 (3.6) | 373.6 (93.1) | 134.1 (34.0) | 7.4 (4.7) | 15.8 (20.3) |
| Some college | 30% | 2.1 (3.7) | 373.4 (74.3) | 132.7 (33.2) | 7.4 (4.4) | 16.0 (21.4) | |
| ≥ College | 45% | 1.4 (3.0) | 362.8 (81.6) | 130.0 (33.2) | 6.7 (4.3) | 12.9 (17.8) | |
| p-value | 0.03 | 0.44 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.13 | ||
| Menopausal status | Pre | 345 | 1.6 (2.9) | 352.2 (73.2) | 129.1 (33.2) | 7.1 (4.0) | 15.2 (21.2) |
| Early peri | 2297 | 1.5 (3.0) | 362.4 (81.0) | 127.2 (29.7) | 7.0 (4.0) | 14.5 (18.8) | |
| Late peri | 624 | 1.6 (3.5) | 376.5 (85.0) | 134.1 (32.7) | 7.7 (4.7) | 17.0 (23.2) | |
| Post | 2017 | 1.8 (3.7) | 380.9 (82.5) | 136.4 (34.8) | 7.4 (4.9) | 14.8 (19.4) | |
| Unknown | 687 | 2.0 (4.0) | 362.6 (75.8) | 136.0 (37.6) | 6.6 (4.1) | 12.2 (17.0) | |
| p-value | < 0.01 | 0.28 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | < 25, | 1947 | 0.8 (1.3) | 344.8 (64.1) | 123.5 (28.9) | 5.4 (3.2) | 8.4 (10.2) |
| 25–30 | 1672 | 1.7 (2.6) | 365.7 (72.9) | 133.7 (34.9) | 7.1 (3.6) | 14.8 (17.5) | |
| > 30 | 2178 | 3.9 (4.4) | 395.3 (82.8) | 137.3 (35.7) | 8.8 (4.1) | 22.6 (23.5) | |
| p-value | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| Current smoker | Yes | 805 | 2.4 (4.1) | 390.9 (87.9) | 128.1 (32.4) | 7.9 (4.4) | 18.7 (23.6) |
| No | 4959 | 1.6 (3.1) | 364.6 (78.5) | 128.1 (32.4) | 7.0 (4.3) | 13.8 (18.5) | |
| p-value | 0.02 | < 0.01 | 0.14 | < 0.01 | 0.04 | ||
| Alcohol consumptione | Low | 3084 | 1.7 (3.7) | 375.8 (83.2) | 132.7 (33.1) | 7.3 (4.6) | 15.4 (21.3) |
| Moderate | 1463 | 1.7 (3.4) | 367.2 (79.3) | 130.0 (32.3) | 7.0 (4.2) | 14.2 (18.1) | |
| High | 1133 | 1.4 (2.5) | 348.9 (75.0) | 130.4 (36.0) | 6.7 (4.3) | 12.2 (17.2) | |
| p-value | 0.31 | < 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.11 | ||
| Diagnosed diabetes | Yes | 530 | 4.4 (4.8) | 401.1 (88.9) | 141.9 (36.3) | 9.1 (4.4) | 24.4 (27.8) |
| No | 5449 | 1.5 (3.1) | 365.4 (80.3) | 130.9 (32.3) | 7.0 (4.3) | 13.8 (18.2) | |
| p-value | < 0.01 | 0.30 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||
| Any CVD event | Yes | 84 | 3.4 (4.3) | 418.9 (99.1) | 145.5 (29.9) | 7.1 (4.4) | 19.6 (23.7) |
| No | 5898 | 1.6 (3.4) | 367.1 (80.8) | 130.9 (34.1) | 8.5 (5.0) | 14.5 (19.5) | |
| p-value | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.52 | 0.41 | 0.25 | ||
aData shown in each grid is the median followed by (interquartile range), excluding N
bFor ethnicity/education, the % show in this column are the percentage of participants in each category among all participants. Percentages do not always add up to 100% because of missing data. For the visit-specific variables, N is the number of observations, not women; each participant could have data from multiple visits and could be in different categories at different visits
cSample size varied by biomarkers. Visits without any blood data or any matched exposure data were excluded. Visits 6 and 7 in New Jersey site were censored due to small sample size. Visits that happened after any CVD events were excluded. Marker values out of reasonable ranges were excluded
dFor hs-CRP, values > 10 mg/l were not included due to the concern of possible severe inflammation
eAlcohol category consists of three categories developed by Laura L Schott (EDC Coordinating Center): low = none or < 1 serving/month, moderate = up to 1/week or 0.3/day, high = 2+/week or > 0.3/day
fp-value are from the Type 3 test of fixed effects using mixed effect model, with all variables included as fixed effects and a random intercept account for covariance of measurements. Site was also included as a fixed effect and participants were nested within each site, as multiple longitudinal measurements collected from the same woman are highly correlated. First-order ante-dependence structure was specified for repeated measurements from each participant