Table 1.

Primers for PCR Analysis

Gene	Primer	Sequence
Citrate synthase	Cs forward	5′-CAAATCAGGAGGTGCTTGTCTGG-3′
	Cs reverse	5′-AGTCTCGTAACTTCTCATCTGACAC-3′
Hexokinase 1	Hk1 forward	5′-TCCGAGTCCTACTGGTAAAG-3′
	Hk1 reverse	5′-CAATGTGATCAAACAGCTCATC-3′
Pyruvate carboxylase	Pcx forward	5′-AAGACTTCACGGCTACCT-3′
	Pcx reverse	5′-TTCCAGCTCAACCTCAAAC-3′
Superoxide dismutase 2	Sod2 forward	5′-AAGGAGCAAGGTCGCTTACA-3′
	Sod2 reverse	5′-CAGCGGAATAAGGCCTGTTGT-3′
Superoxide dismutase 1	Sod1 forward	5′-TGTGACTGCTGGAAAGGACG-3′
	Sod1 reverse	5′-TCATGGACCACCATTGTACGG-3′
Glutathione S-transferase, mu 5	Gstm5 forward	5′-CCGTTTTGAGGCTTTGGAGAA-3′
	Gstm5 reverse	5′-CGAGCTCTGGCTCAGCATAA-3′
Heat shock protein d1 (also known as chaperonin aka Hsp60)	Hspd1 forward	5′-GAGCAGCTAGACATCACAAC-3′
	Hspd1 reverse	5′-CAGTTGTTCCTCCAACCTTC-3′
Caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase proteolytic subunit	ClpP forward	5′-AGCCACAGACATCGCCATC-3′
	ClpP reverse	5′-CCATTGCTGACTCGATCACCTG-3′
Caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit	ClpX forward	5′-GGATACATTCGGGCACCCTC-3′
	ClpX reverse	5′-CTGTTTGCAGCATCCGCTTG-3′
4EBP1	4EBP1 forward	5′-CAGGCGGTGAAGAGTCA-3′
	4EBP1 reverse	5′-AGTGTCTGCCTGGTATGAG-3′
C/EBP homologous protein	CHOP forward	5′-AGCCAGAATAACAGCCGGAAC-3′
	CHOP reverse	5′-GACCAGGTTCTGCTTTCAGG-3′
CCAAAT/enhancer binding protein beta	Cebpb forward	5′-ACTTGATGCAATCCGGATCAAAC-3′
	Cebpb reverse	5′-CAGTTACACGTGTGTTGCGT-3′
PPAR γ coactivator 1-alpha	Ppara forward	5′-TGCATTTGGGCGTATCTCAC-3′
	Ppara reverse	5′-AACTTCAACTTGGCTCTCCTC-3′
Active transcription factor 4	Atf4 forward	5′-CGGCAAGGAGGATGCCTTTT-3′
	Atf4 reverse	5′-TGGCATGGTTTCCAGGTCAT-3′