Fig. 4.

Differential edges influenced functional pathways in a cell type-specific manner. Volcano plots of edges in a cardiac muscle cells and b endocardial cells visualized differential edges with an FDR < 5 × 10⁻⁵ and a mean edge weight difference > 0.25 between females (red) and males (blue). Top five significantly enriched GO terms with smallest p values in female-specific edges (red letters) and male-specific edges (blue letters) were selected, respectively. Terms were ordered with regard to their statistical significance, female-specific term with the smallest p value at the top and male-specific term with the smallest p value at the bottom. c Network containing sex-specific edges in leukocytes was illustrated as it displayed moderate complexity suitable for visualization. Labeled nodes are TFs and unlabeled nodes are genes. Female-specific edges are colored red and male-specific edges are colored blue