TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics and behavioral outcome measures
| PDE (n = 75) | CTR (n = 58) | CTR versus PDE | ALL (n = 133, 67 F) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | MIN | MAX | Mean | SD | MIN | MAX | t (131) | p | Mean | SD | MIN | MAX | |
| Gestational age at scan (days) | 305.44 | 13.16 | 275 | 345 | 306.43 | 11.40 | 285 | 330 | 0.46 | .650 | 305.87 | 12.38 | 275 | 345 |
| Gestational age at birth (days) | 275.56 | 10.28 | 234 | 290 | 278.38 | 8.16 | 251 | 290 | 1.71 | .089 | 276.79 | 9.49 | 234 | 290 |
| Birth weight (pounds) | 7.07 | 1.11 | 4.75 | 10.63 | 7.59 | 0.99 | 5.375 | 10.5 | 2.79 | .006 | 7.29 | 1.09 | 4.75 | 10.63 |
| Maternal depression (EPDS) | 5.74 | 5.65 | 0 | 25 | 3.35 | 3.04 | 0 | 13 | ‐2.91 | .004 | 4.70 | 4.82 | 0 | 25 |
| Behavior | PDE (n = 47, 28 F) | PDE (n = 33, 15 F) | CTR versus PDE | ALL (n = 80, F = 43) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | MIN | MAX | Mean | SD | MIN | MAX | t (78) | p | Mean | SD | MIN | MAX | |
| Cognitive | 106.94 | 13.76 | 75 | 140 | 111.71 | 10.35 | 85 | 130 | 1.84 | .069 | 109.02 | 12.55 | 75 | 140 |
| Language | 103.49 | 9.20 | 74 | 124 | 108.25 | 8.60 | 89 | 129 | 2.43 | .018 | 105.51 | 9.21 | 74 | 129 |
| Motor | 101.91 | 15.43 | 61 | 133 | 110.00 | 13.45 | 64 | 130 | 2.58 | .012 | 105.42 | 15.07 | 61 | 133 |
| # of other drug exposures | Totals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDE counts | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Cocaine | 2 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 40 |
| Nicotine | 7 | 23 | 12 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 64 |
| Alcohol | 1 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 25 |
| Marijuana | 1 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 35 |
| SSRIs | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 ? | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| Opiates | 1 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 18 |
| Baby race | Mixed | White | Black | Other | X 2 (3) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTR | 12 | 27 | 18 | 1 | 6.25 | 0.100 |
| PDE | 28 | 27 | 16 | 4 |
| Sex | Male | Female | X 2 (1) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTR | 33 | 25 | 2.18 | 0.14 |
| PDE | 33 | 42 |
Note: Values in italic indicates p < 0.1 and values in bold indicates p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: CTR, drug‐free control infants; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; PDE, prenatal drug exposure; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.