Table 2.
Logistic regressions over risk factors for rapid weight gain during 0–3-4 months, 0–6 months and 6–12 months
| Risk factors | RWG/nRWG | RWG/nRWG | RWG/nRWG | n (total) = 1780 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–3-4 m (n) | OR | 95% CI | p | 0–6 m (n) | OR | 95% CI | p | 6–12 m (n) | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Boy | 484/418 | 1 | Ref | 437/465 | 1 | Ref | 68/134 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Girl | 357/521 | 0.47* | 0.39, 0.58 | <0.001 | 390/488 | 0.71* | 0.58, 0.86 | 0.001 | 68/810 | 0.98* | 0.68, 1.40 | 0.913 |
| Birth weight Per kg bw | n/a | 0.27∋ | 0.21, 0.34 | <0.001 | n/a | 0.29∋ | 0.23, 0.36 | <0.001 | n/a | 0.82∋ | 0.57, 1.20 | 0.305 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||||
| Upper secondary school | 325/370 | 1 | Ref | 332/363 | 1 | Ref | 59/636 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Elementary school | 49/44 | 1.11 | 0.70, 1.76 | 0.669 | 44/49 | 0.86 | 0.55, 1.37 | 0.533 | 6/87 | 0.75 | 0.31, 1.78 | 0.509 |
| University | 424/474 | 0.97 | 0.78, 1.20 | 0.755 | 404/494 | 0.85 | 0.69, 1.05 | 0.125 | 65/833 | 0.80 | 0.55, 1.16 | 0.243 |
| Other | 32/44 | 0.69 | 0.41, 1.16 | 0.159 | 35/41 | 0.83 | 0.50, 1.38 | 0.472 | 4/72 | 0.60 | 0.21, 1.71 | 0.340 |
| Paternal education | ||||||||||||
| Upper secondary school | 418/491 | 1 | Ref | 407/502 | 1 | Ref | 73/836 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Elementary school | 45/52 | 1.10 | 0.70, 1.72 | 0.693 | 45/52 | 1.17 | 0.75, 1.82 | 0.496 | 12/85 | 1.68 | 0.88, 3.23 | 0.119 |
| University | 281/299 | 1.12 | 0.90, 1.40 | 0.317 | 281/299 | 1.20 | 0.96, 1.50 | 0.104 | 35/545 | 0.68 | 0.44, 1.05 | 0.079 |
| Other | 32/38 | 0.93 | 0.55, 1.55 | 0.772 | 32/38 | 0.99 | 0.60, 1.65 | 0.975 | 9/61 | 1.65 | 0.79, 3.47 | 0.183 |
| Maternal smoking | ||||||||||||
| No | 780/884 | 1 | Ref | 762/902 | 1 | Ref | 126/1538 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 49/45 | 0.93 | 0.59, 1.48 | 0.761 | 52/42 | 1.13 | 0.72, 1.78 | 0.596 | 8/86 | 1.20 | 0.56, 2.55 | 0.638 |
| Paternal smoking | ||||||||||||
| No | 675/801 | 1 | Ref | 665/811 | 1 | Ref | 109/1367 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 96/77 | 1.30 | 0.92, 1.83 | 0.136 | 95/78 | 1.35 | 0.96, 1.90 | 0.082 | 19/154 | 1.69 | 1.00, 2.83 | 0.049 |
| Maternal weight bp Per kg bw | n/a | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.02 | 0.035 | n/a | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.02 | 0.008 | n/a | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.02 | 0.486 |
| Maternal gwg Per kg gw | n/a | 1.02 | 1.01, 1.04 | 0.013 | n/a | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.04 | 0.081 | n/a | 1.00 | 0.97, 1.04 | 0.970 |
| Paternal weight Per kg bw | n/a | 1.02 | 1.01, 1.03 | <0.001 | n/ a | 1.02 | 1.02, 1.03 | <0.001 | n/a | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.03 | 0.184 |
| Maternal BMI bp | n/a | 1.10 | 0.98, 1.03 | 0.481 | n/a | 1.01 | 0.99, 1.04 | 0.260 | n/a | 1.01 | 0.97, 1.05 | 0.718 |
| Paternal BMI | n/a | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.08 | 0.024 | n/a | 1.05 | 1.02, 1.09 | 0.004 | n/a | 1.04 | 0.98, 1.10 | 0.237 |
| Maternal diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||
| No | 814/916 | 1 | Ref | 804/926 | 1 | Ref | 131/1599 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1/6 | 0.32 | 0.04, 2.74 | 0.297 | 1/6 | 0.32 | 0.04, 2.73 | 0.295 | 1/6 | 2.20 | 0.26, 18.62 | 0.468 |
| Paternal diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||
| No | 761/874 | 1 | Ref | 753/882 | 1 | Ref | 126/1509 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 9/8 | 1.40 | 0.47, 4.14 | 0.543 | 6/11 | 0.81 | 0.28, 2.39 | 0.704 | 0/17 | 0.00 | 0.00, - | 1.00 |
| Maternal cardiovascular disease | ||||||||||||
| No | 810/914 | 1 | Ref | 800/924 | 1 | Ref | 132/1592 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 8/9 | 0.92 | 0.33, 2.55 | 0.874 | 7/10 | 0.74 | 0.27, 2.04 | 0.556 | 1/16 | 0.75 | 0.1, 5.72 | 0.783 |
| Paternal cardiovascular disease | ||||||||||||
| No | 763/869 | 1 | Ref | 751/881 | 1 | Ref | 125/1507 | 1 | Ref | |||
| Yes | 5/8 | 0.55 | 0.16, 1.89 | 0.343 | 5/8 | 0.87 | 0.27, 2.84 | 0.822 | 1/12 | 1.12 | 0.14, 8.78 | 0.913 |
All risk factors were adjusted for birth weight and sex, except sex that was adjusted for birth weight and birth weight that was adjusted for sex, *adjusted for birth weight, ∋adjusted for sex
RWG rapid weight gain, nRWG non-rapid weight gain, m months, n number of subjects, OR odds ratios, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals, p p value, n/a not applicable, Kg kilogram, Per kg bw per kg body weight, Per kg gw per kg gained weight, Maternal gwg maternal gestational weight gain, BMI body mass index