ANP promotes neurite outgrowth of SG explants in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of cochlear SG explants maintained in culture medium alone as a control (a), or treated with 20 ng/mL BDNF (b), 100 nM ANP (c), 1 μM ANP (d), 1 μM 8-pCPT-cGMP (e), or 1 μM ANP plus 1 μM KT5823 (f) for 7 d. Neurons were labeled with TuJ1 (green), while nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 500 μm. In each experimental culture, three cochlear neural explants were studied for neurite outgrowth, and the number of neurite outgrowth (g) and average neurite outgrowth length (h) of explants were calculated. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (∗P < 0.05, versus negative control samples; #P < 0.05, versus positive control samples/BDNF; n.s., P > 0.05).