Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis on the factors potentially associated with having at least one EDA or HA, by setting
| Nursing Home (n = 646) | Home Care (n = 1054) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PwD with at least one EDA or HA (n = 89; 13.8%) | PwD without EDA or HA (n = 557; 86.2%) | p_value | Unadjusted OR [95%CI] | Adjusted OR [95%CI] | PwD with at least one EDA or HA (N = 195; 18.5%) | PwD without EDA or HA (n = 859; 81.5%) | p_value | Unadjusted OR [95%CI] | Adjusted OR [95%CI] | |
| Age (years) n (%) | 0.120 | 0.562 | ||||||||
| 65–80 years | 17 (19.1%) | 151 (27.1%) | Reference | Reference | 65 (33.3%) | 307 (35.7%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥ 81 years | 72 (80.9%) | 406 (72.9%) | 1.58 (0.90–2.76) | 1.94 (0.98–3.85) | 130 (66.7%) | 552 (64.3%) | 1.11 (0.80–1.55) | 1.12 (0.78–1.61) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.085 | 0.282 | ||||||||
| Female | 60 (67.4%) | 426 (76.5%) | Reference | Reference | 119 (61.0%) | 560 (65.2%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 29 (32.6%) | 131 (23.5%) | 1.57 (0.97–2.55) | 1.55 (0.88–2.75) | 76 (39.0%) | 299 (34.8%) | 1.20 (0.87–1.65) | 1.06 (0.74–1.52) | ||
| S-MMSE score, n (%),a | 0,954 | 0,175 | ||||||||
| Mild dementia | 8 (12.5%) | 58 (12.8%) | Reference | Reference | 42 (24.6%) | 198 (26.3%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Moderate dementia | 37 (57.8%) | 242 (53.3%) | 1.11 (0.49–2.51) | 1.00 (0.42–2.38) | 81 (47.4%) | 396 (52.6%) | 0,96 (0,64-1,45) | 0.93 (0.60–1.45) | ||
| Severe dementia | 19 (29.7%) | 154 (33.9%) | 0.89 (0.37–2.16) | 1.13 (0.46–2.78) | 48 (28.1%) | 159 (21.1%) | 1.42 (0.90–2.26) | 1.3 (0.78–2.17) | ||
| Weight loss, n (%) | 0.724 | 0.002 | ||||||||
| No | 80 (89.0%) | 485 (86.6%) | Reference | Reference | 140 (70.9%) | 703 (81.4%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 9 (11.0%) | 72 (13.4%) | 0.80 (0.38–1.67) | 0.72 (0.32–1.62) | 55 (29.1%) | 156 (18.6%) | 1.79 (1.25–2.57) | 1.73 (1.17–2.56) | ||
| Polypharmacy, n (%) | 0.049 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 20 (22.5%) | 186 (33.4%) | Reference | Reference | 51 (26.2%) | 399 (46.4%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 69 (77.5%) | 371 (66.6%) | 1.73 (1.02–2.93) | 1.96 (1.03–3.75) | 144 (73.8%) | 460 (53.6%) | 2.45 (1.73–3.46) | 2.48 (1.70–3.62) | ||
| Falls in preceding 3 months n (%) | 0.009 | 0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 55 (61.4%) | 419 (75.1%) | Reference | Reference | 137 (70.1%) | 702 (81.7%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 34 (38.6%) | 138 (24.9%) | 1.90 (1.19–3.05) | 1.66 (0.96–2.86) | 58 (29.9%) | 157 (18.3%) | 1.91 (1.34–2.71) | 1.64 (1.12–2.41) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index n (%) | 0.906 | 0.076 | ||||||||
| ≤ 2 | 55 (61.8%) | 349 (62.7%) | Reference | Reference | 131 (67.2%) | 632 (73.6%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| > 2 | 34 (38.2%) | 208 (37.3%) | 1.04 (0.65–1,64) | 1.04 (0.61–1.77) | 64 (32.8%) | 227 (26.4%) | 1.36 (0.97–1.90) | 1.13 (0.78–1.64) | ||
| Katz Index, n (%) | 0.221 | 0.029 | ||||||||
| Severe | 60 (67.4%) | 327 (58.9%) | 2.94 (0.69–12.58) | 2.00 (0.44–9.04) | 84 (43.3%) | 281 (33.1%) | 1.60 (1.01–2.54) | 1.24 (0.72–2.15) | ||
| Moderate | 27 (30.3%) | 196 (35.3%) | 2.20 (0.50–9.72) | 1.96 (0.43–8.97) | 80 (41.2%) | 407 (47.9%) | 1.06 (0.67–1.67) | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | ||
| Mild | 2 (2.2%) | 32 (5.8%) | Reference | Reference | 30 (15.5%) | 161 (19.0%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| NPI-Q Severity, mean (SD) | 7.7 (6.0) | 6.8 (5.7) | 0.174 | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 9.9 (6.1) | 9.0 (6.2) | 0.069 | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Zarit Burden Index n (%) | 0.511 | 0.018 | ||||||||
| Little or no burden | 47 (53.4%) | 264 (47.6%) | Reference | Reference | 37 (19.0%) | 227 (26.5%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Mild burden | 28 (31.8%) | 211 (38.0%) | 0.75 (0.45–1.23) | 0.6 (0.34–1.1) | 88 (45.1%) | 398 (46,5%) | 1.36 (0.89–2.06) | 1.67 (1.04–2.66) | ||
| Moderate to severe burden | 13 (14.8%) | 80 (14.4%) | 0.91 (0.47–1.77) | 1.00 (0.47–2.15) | 70 (35.9%) | 231 (27.0%) | 1.86 (1.20–2.88) | 1.76 (1.04–2.98) | ||
CI Confidence Interval, EDA Emergency Department Admission, HA Hospital Admission, OR Odds Ratio, PwD People with Dementia
a Mild Dementia (S-MMSE score > 21), Moderate Dementia (S-MMSE score 10–21), or Severe Dementia (S-MMSE score < 10 or not evaluated due to impaired cognitive or functional status)