Table 3.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia in the First and Second Trimester of Pregnancy
| EC | N (PE/Total) | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | AOR (95% CI) | P | ||
| PM2.5 | |||||
| Trimester 1 | 1.027 (1.018–1.037) | < 0.001 | 1.014 (1.000–1.028) | 0.005 | |
| Q 1 | 553/28225 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 856/29721 | 1.541 (1.381–1.719) | < 0.001 | 1.254 (1.120–1.405) | < 0.001 |
| Q 3 | 786/29102 | 1.442 (1.290–1.612) | < 0.001 | 1.225 (1.081–1.388) | 0.001 |
| Q 4 | 813/28994 | 1.499 (1.342–1.647) | < 0.001 | 1.235 (1.064–1.434) | 0.006 |
| Trimester 2 | 1.034 (1.024–1.043) | < 0.001 | 1.026 (1.012–1.049) | < 0.001 | |
| Q 1 | 570/ 29,262 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 814/ 29,033 | 1.452 (1.303–1.618) | < 0.001 | 1.173 (1.038–1.325) | 0.010 |
| Q 3 | 773/ 28,830 | 1.387 (1.243–1.547) | < 0.001 | 1.179 (1.039–1.338) | 0.011 |
| Q 4 | 831/ 28,917 | 1.489 (1.337–1.659) | < 0.001 | 1.324 (1.142–1.535) | < 0.001 |
| PM10 | |||||
| Trimester 1 | 1.021 (1.014–1.028) | < 0.001 | 1.013 (1.002–1.023) | 0.021 | |
| Q 1 | 550/29364 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 781/28742 | 1.463 (1.310–1.634) | < 0.001 | 1.269 (1.131–1.423) | < 0.001 |
| Q 3 | 862/29440 | 1.580 (1.418–1.761) | < 0.001 | 1.401 (1.231–1.594) | < 0.001 |
| Q 4 | 795/28496 | 1.504 (1.347–1.678) | < 0.001 | 1.429 (1.228–1.664) | < 0.001 |
| Trimester 2 | 1.024 (1.017–1.031) | < 0.001 | 1.016 (1.005–1.027) | < 0.001 | |
| Q 1 | 602/29152 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 779/28350 | 1.340 (1.203–1.492) | < 0.001 | 1.098 (0.982–1.228) | 0.099 |
| Q 3 | 811/29599 | 1.336 (1.201–1.486) | < 0.001 | 1.163 (1.020–1.326) | 0.024 |
| Q 4 | 796/28941 | 1.341 (1.205–1.493) | < 0.001 | 1.094 (0.950–1.260) | 0.201 |
| NO2 | |||||
| Trimester 1 | 1.040 (1.016–1.066) | 0.001 | 1.046 (1.003–1.091) | 0.034 | |
| Q 1 | 668/28909 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 793/29415 | 1.171 (1.055–1.300) | 0.003 | 1.159 (1.034–1.299) | 0.011 |
| Q 3 | 796/30061 | 1.150 (1.036–1.276) | 0.009 | 1.223 (1.071–1.396) | 0.003 |
| Q 4 | 731/27657 | 1.148 (1.032–1.276) | < 0.011 | 1.292 (1.101–1.512) | 0.002 |
| Trimester 2 | 1.054 (1.029–1.080) | < 0.001 | 1.056 (1.010–1.105) | 0.017 | |
| Q 1 | 784/ 30,347 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 723/ 28,503 | 0.981 (0.886–1.087) | 0.719 | 0.890 (0.796–0.994) | 0.039 |
| Q 3 | 661/ 28,049 | 0.910 (0.820–1.011) | 0.078 | 0.894 (0.779–1.025) | 0.110 |
| Q 4 | 820/ 29,143 | 1.092 (0..989–1.206) | 0.083 | 0.934 (0.791–1.103) | 0.421 |
| SO2 | |||||
| Trimester 1 | 1.012 (0.994–1.030) | 0.204 | 1.013 (0.985–1.068) | 0.361 | |
| Q 1 | 761/29302 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 713/28691 | 0.956 (0.862–1.060) | 0.392 | 1.024 (0.908–1.156) | 0.698 |
| Q 3 | 769/29332 | 1.010 (0.912–1.118) | 0.852 | 1.051 (0.919–1.201) | 0.469 |
| Q 4 | 745/28717 | 0.999 (0.902–1.107) | 0.983 | 0.954 (0.804–1.131) | 0.588 |
| Trimester 2 | 1.021 (1.002–1.041) | 0.031 | 1.050 (1.019–1.082) | 0.002 | |
| Q 1 | 752/ 28,886 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 711/ 29,067 | 0.938 (0.846–1.041) | 0.228 | 1.059 (0.937–1.198) | 0.357 |
| Q 3 | 741/ 29,978 | 0.948 (0.856–1.051) | 0.310 | 1.164 (1.022–1.326) | 0.022 |
| Q 4 | 784/ 28,111 | 1.073 (0.970–1.188) | 0.171 | 1.317 (1.119–1.551) | 0.001 |
| CO | |||||
| Trimester 1 | 0.943 (0.743–1.195) | 0.625 | 1.297 (0.910–1.849) | 0.151 | |
| Q 1 | 792/28820 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 780/30067 | 0.943 (0.853–1.042) | 0.247 | 1.084 (0.965–1.218) | 0.172 |
| Q 3 | 640/28112 | 0.824 (0.742–0.916) | < 0.001 | 1.083 (0.947–1.237) | 0.245 |
| Q 4 | 776/29043 | 0.972 (0.879–1.074) | 0.573 | 1.139 (0.969–1.338) | 0.114 |
| Trimester 2 | 1.305 (1.034–1.648) | 0.025 | 2.305 (1.602–3.317) | < 0.001 | |
| Q 1 | 844/ 30,607 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 652/ 27,083 | 0.870 (0.784–0.965) | 0.008 | 1.019 (0.904–1.149) | 0.759 |
| Q 3 | 679/ 28,681 | 0.855 (0.772–0.947) | 0.003 | 1.160 (1.016–1.324) | 0.029 |
| Q 4 | 813/ 29,671 | 0.993 (0.901–1.095) | 0.896 | 1.238 (1.038–1.475) | 0.017 |
| O3 | |||||
| Trimester 1 | 1.021 (1.013–1.029) | < 0.001 | 1.024 (1.010–1.037) | 0.001 | |
| Q 1 | 653/ 28,869 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 726/ 29,512 | 1.090 (0.979–1.213) | 0.115 | 1.205 (1.052–1.382) | 0.007 |
| Q 3 | 816/ 29,378 | 1.234 (1.112–1.370) | < 0.001 | 1.324 (1.136–1.544) | < 0.001 |
| Q 4 | 793/ 28,283 | 1.246 (1.122–1.384) | < 0.001 | 1.334 (1.132–1.574) | 0.001 |
| Trimester 2 | 1.010 (1.003–1.017) | 0.006 | 1.016 (1.003–1.029) | 0.013 | |
| Q 1 | 732/ 29,538 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Q 2 | 712/ 28,467 | 1.010 (0.909–1.121) | 0.859 | 1.214 (1.072–1.375) | 0.002 |
| Q 3 | 756/ 29,362 | 1.040 (0.938–1.153) | 0.455 | 1.177 (1.011–1.369) | 0.035 |
| Q 4 | 788/ 28,675 | 1.112 (1.004–1.231) | 0.041 | 1.239 (1.035–1.483) | 0.020 |
There were 113,054 parturients in Non-PE group, and 2988 parturients in PE group. The concentration of exposed ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) was stratified into four groups according to the quartile (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4); Q1 acted as the reference, univariate logistic regression was used to examine the strength of association between exposure to air pollutants and preeclampsia; In adjusted model, trimester, gravidity, parity, age, education, hospital level, conception and delivery season were adjusted. PE preeclampsia, OR Odds ratio, CI confidence intervals, Trimester 1 the first trimester of pregnancy, Trimester 2 the second trimester of pregnancy