Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study participants (n=72)

Characteristics	Intervention (n=36)	Control (n=36)	P value
Female, %	69.4	69.4	1.000
Age, years (mean±SD)	62.0±16.5	60.4±16.1	0.671
Blood pressure, mm Hg (mean±SD)
Systolic blood pressure	130.7±20.7	125.5±18.5	0.264
Diastolic blood pressure	79.0±11.4	76.7±10.8	0.378
History of disease, %
Stroke	2.8	0.0	0.314
Hypertension	25.0	30.6	0.599
Myocardial infarction	0.0	5.6	0.151
Diabetes	8.3	8.3	1.000
Arthritis	2.8	5.6	0.555
Osteoporosis	5.6	0.0	0.151
Cancer	16.7	8.3	0.285
Frailty, %	5.6	19.4	0.075
Physical activity, MET (mean±SD)	35.8±8.5	36.1±5.3	0.822
Transportation, %
Motorbike or car	61.1	80.6	0.070
Educational attainment, %
High school or less	52.8	47.2	0.820
College/university	16.7	22.2
Undergraduate or graduate degree	30.6	30.6
Employment, %
≥4 days/week	27.8	36.1	0.546
<4 days/week	19.4	11.1
Not working	52.8	52.8
Subjective household economic status
Affluent	80.6	86.1	0.527
Non-affluent	19.4	13.9
Subjective time affluence
Affluent	72.2	77.8	0.586
Non-affluent	27.8	22.2
Pain
Absent	22.2	44.4	0.011
Present	5.6	2.8
Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean±SD)	22.1±3.0	23.2±4.6	0.250
Baseline number of steps/day (mean±SD)	6859±3223	5869±2249	0.135

MET, metabolic equivalent.