. 2020 Nov 5:1–38. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s42413-020-00094-3

Table 5.

Pathways for safeguarding community well-being to strengthen the resilience of Caribbean SITES

Pathways
Diversify the economy and tourism with new niche-based products and services. Incorporate circularity and circular economy practices into tourism business models and incentivize corporate social responsibility by the private sector. Visitor planning and flow management of cruise and stayover visitors to reduce destination seasonal congestion and spatial crowding. Foster the digitization and digital transformation of tourism and transport service infrastructures. Promotion and establishment of workforce up-skilling and reskilling programs in public-private partnership (especially targeted at the most vulnerable, notably youth). Enable local tourism and social entrepreneurship with targeted (micro-credit) financing and funding programs. Foster community-based and small-scale tourism businesses through micro-enterprising programs. This includes culturally-themed and community-authentic accommodations and restaurants. Promotion and stimulation of domestic supply chains (e.g., for local food production, arts, culture and other creative industries). Innovate professional education programs with new mind- and skillsets for (young) tourism employees and entrepreneurs focused on social and innovation competencies for the public and private sector.	Establish and develop a national data system for the structural measurement and monitoring of environmental quality (including marine biodiversity) and social equality (including income inequality, community well-being) to inform tourism decision-making and development (see also National Tourism Council and National Council for Climate Change). Set up community-based and citizen-driven tourism observatories to monitor visitor behaviors and community sentiments (especially in ‘tourism hotspots’). Promote and establish a ‘whole of government’ platform to fully and transparently engage civic society, community stakeholders, public and private sector. (Re-) Allocate and earmark tourism tax revenues to national and community education programs. Develop and implement community advocacy programs to build and strengthen awareness of tourism opportunities and vulnerabilities as well engage and empower civic society in national and regional tourism development. Stimulate regional and rural community tourism cooperatives with local representatives and stakeholders to involve and engage citizens in community-driven tourism development. Strengthen institutional capabilities in public-sector and tourism authorities for an inclusive and sustainable development of tourism at the regional and local level.	Implement environmental regulation and regulatory enforcement of coastal zone conservation and fragile habitats regeneration (spatial zoning for residential and commercial development). Establish national council and policies for climate change resilience and adopt new legislation for infrastructure and building codes. Incorporate climate change readiness and resilience measures in fiscal, economic, and social policies, and community programs. Integrate environmental and energy measures into incentives and investment programs to reduce and recycle waste and increase resource efficiency (e.g. energy, water, land, infrastructures). Labor regulation and regulatory enforcement of (minimum) wages, income equality, and labor force participation (non-informal labor). Labor market flexibilization should be pursued to foster broader workforce participation and mobility, especially for young(er) professionals. Regulate accommodation supply, especially of large-scale tourism infrastructures in coastal-sensitive and climate change regional zones. Destination stewardship and establishment of a National Tourism Council with statutory mandates and inclusion of civic society, community representatives, and non-governmental organizations

Pathways

Innovation

Internalization

Institutionalization

Diversify the economy and tourism with new niche-based products and services.

Incorporate circularity and circular economy practices into tourism business models and incentivize corporate social responsibility by the private sector.

Visitor planning and flow management of cruise and stayover visitors to reduce destination seasonal congestion and spatial crowding.

Foster the digitization and digital transformation of tourism and transport service infrastructures.

Promotion and establishment of workforce up-skilling and reskilling programs in public-private partnership (especially targeted at the most vulnerable, notably youth).

Enable local tourism and social entrepreneurship with targeted (micro-credit) financing and funding programs.

Foster community-based and small-scale tourism businesses through micro-enterprising programs. This includes culturally-themed and community-authentic accommodations and restaurants.

Promotion and stimulation of domestic supply chains (e.g., for local food production, arts, culture and other creative industries).

Innovate professional education programs with new mind- and skillsets for (young) tourism employees and entrepreneurs focused on social and innovation competencies for the public and private sector.

Establish and develop a national data system for the structural measurement and monitoring of environmental quality (including marine biodiversity) and social equality (including income inequality, community well-being) to inform tourism decision-making and development (see also National Tourism Council and National Council for Climate Change).

Set up community-based and citizen-driven tourism observatories to monitor visitor behaviors and community sentiments (especially in ‘tourism hotspots’).

Promote and establish a ‘whole of government’ platform to fully and transparently engage civic society, community stakeholders, public and private sector.

(Re-) Allocate and earmark tourism tax revenues to national and community education programs.

Develop and implement community advocacy programs to build and strengthen awareness of tourism opportunities and vulnerabilities as well engage and empower civic society in national and regional tourism development.

Stimulate regional and rural community tourism cooperatives with local representatives and stakeholders to involve and engage citizens in community-driven tourism development.

Strengthen institutional capabilities in public-sector and tourism authorities for an inclusive and sustainable development of tourism at the regional and local level.

Implement environmental regulation and regulatory enforcement of coastal zone conservation and fragile habitats regeneration (spatial zoning for residential and commercial development).

Establish national council and policies for climate change resilience and adopt new legislation for infrastructure and building codes.

Incorporate climate change readiness and resilience measures in fiscal, economic, and social policies, and community programs.

Integrate environmental and energy measures into incentives and investment programs to reduce and recycle waste and increase resource efficiency (e.g. energy, water, land, infrastructures).

Labor regulation and regulatory enforcement of (minimum) wages, income equality, and labor force participation (non-informal labor).

Labor market flexibilization should be pursued to foster broader workforce participation and mobility, especially for young(er) professionals.

Regulate accommodation supply, especially of large-scale tourism infrastructures in coastal-sensitive and climate change regional zones.

Destination stewardship and establishment of a National Tourism Council with statutory mandates and inclusion of civic society, community representatives, and non-governmental organizations