Table 3. Chemical compositions of extracts from CC. SW and SG, by various extraction methods.
Each data point represents the mean of three replicates.
| Compounds | SG | CC | SW | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area percentage (%) | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 3-carene | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cymol | – | – | – | 0.89 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.16 | – | – |
| Benzoic acid | – | – | 1.6 | 2.58 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15.49 | 22.51 | 0.81 |
| Benzyl alcohol | – | – | 0.17 | – | – | – | – | 0.42 | – | – | – | – | 3.8 | 3.98 | – |
| Undecane | – | – | 0.46 | – | – | – | 1.1 | – | – | ||||||
| Methyl salicylate | – | – | 0.26 | – | 2.34 | – | 13.52 | 10.35 | – | – | 0.42 | – | 5.24 | ||
| Terpinen-4-ol | – | 1.36 | – | – | – | 0.48 | 0.41 | – | – | – | 0.78 | 0.44 | – | – | – |
| Naphthalene | – | – | – | – | – | 0.19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Linalool | – | 5.17 | – | – | – | 2.6 | 2.07 | – | – | 0.31 | 1.07 | 2.21 | – | – | – |
| Benzcatechin | – | – | 1.14 | – | – | ||||||||||
| β-Fenchyl alcohol | – | 0.77 | – | 0.31 | 0.81 | – | – | – | |||||||
| Benzenepropanal | – | 1.68 | – | – | – | 0.14 | 0.41 | – | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.43 | – | – | – |
| Benzenepropanol | – | – | 1.2 | 2 | 0.74 | – | 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.19 | – | 0.54 | – | 0.34 | ||
| 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol | – | – | – | – | – | 0.69 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Salicylic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12.93 | 4.05 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Acetic acid, cinnamyl ester | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.05 | 1.74 | 1.85 | – | – | 2.85 | – | – | – |
| (E)-cinnamaldehyde | 43 | 65.21 | 5.8 | 34.6 | 55.72 | 48.77 | 79.06 | 43.41 | 57.7 | 73.25 | 39.24 | 38.85 | 5.46 | 5.58 | 40.48 |
| Benzaldehyde | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.07 | – | – | – |
| 1-phellandrene | – | – | – | – | – | 1.28 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| (E)- 2,3-epoxycarane | – | – | – | 0.83 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dimethylsulfonium dicyanomethylide | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2,4-Dimethyl-2,4-pentadien-1-ol | – | – | – | 1.58 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Eugenol | 8 | 2.47 | 0.33 | 0.59 | 1.82 | 1.94 | 6.75 | 7.85 | 7.67 | 8.83 | 14.67 | 12.51 | 1.74 | 1.27 | 6.55 |
| Cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal | – | – | 11.84 | 5.3 | 18.53 | 6.2 | – | 0.54 | 0.32 | 2.06 | 0.49 | – | 0.39 | – | 5.74 |
| Vanillylmandelic acid | – | – | 0.78 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.78 | – | – |
| Trans-Cinnamic acid | – | – | 0.14 | 16.86 | 2.07 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.74 | 4.51 | 0.92 |
| O-methoxy-Cinnamaldehyde | – | 0.65 | 0.95 | 2.04 | 1.78 | 1.97 | 1.79 | – | 1.52 | 2 | 2.62 | 2.18 | 2.04 | 2.14 | 3.57 |
| Para methoxy cinnamic aldehyde | – | – | 1.66 | 1.85 | 0.36 | – | – | – | – | – | |||||
| Propanoic acid, phenylmethyl ester | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1,2-Dihydroxy-4-(1-propyl)benzene | – | – | – | 0.86 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Benzyl benzoate | 20 | 1.17 | – | 0.6 | 0.39 | 3.42 | 2.69 | 0.33 | 1.52 | 0.62 | 5.78 | 6.29 | – | 1.15 | 1.74 |
| Sabinene | – | 0.97 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – |
| γ-terpinene | – | – | – | 0.42 | – | 0.24 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.11 | – | – | – |
| Cinnamyl alcohol | 1 | 0.72 | 32.44 | 21.3 | 10.87 | 0.7 | – | – | – | 6.15 | 5.55 | 0.66 | 40.08 | 42.28 | 14.32 |
| Phenylpropyl acetate, | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.61 | – | – | – | – |
| Copaene | – | – | – | – | – | 0.46 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Caryophyllenyl alcohol | – | – | – | – | – | 0.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (+) Spathulenol | – | – | – | – | – | 0.24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Caryophyllene | 3 | – | – | 0.51 | – | 4.33 | – | – | – | – | 0.26 | – | – | – | – |
| trans-Cinnamyl acetate | 23 | 19.85 | – | – | 3.52 | 3.85 | – | – | 2.09 | 25.39 | 28.59 | 0.13 | – | 9.73 | |
| (+)-(1S,3R,4S)-4(a)-Methyladamantane | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.14 | – | – |
| 1-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.71 | – | – |
| (1S,2S,6S,8S)-11-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3 methylenetricyclo[6.3.0.0(2,6)]undec | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – |
| 1,3,5-benzenetriol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.11 | – | – |
| 4-propyl-1,2-Benzenediol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.61 | – | – |
| Benzenemethanol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.18 | 0.17 | – | – | – | 0.08 | ||
| Caryophyllene oxide | – | – | – | – | – | 2.18 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.11 | – | – | – |
| Allylbenzene | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.18 |
| 3-Phenylprop-2-yn-1-ol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1-(Trideuteriosylanyl)-benzene | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.16 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Methoxy-phenyl-Oxime | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.04 | – | – | – |
| Cineole | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.04 | – | – | – |
| 3,7-dimethyl- 1,6-octadien-3-ol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.26 | – | – | – |
| α-terpinolene | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.41 | – | – | 0.07 |
| O-Methoxyphenol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.1 | – | – | – | |
| Vinyl phenyl carbinol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.08 | 0.16 | – | – | – |
| Ethyl benzenecarboxylate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.07 | – | – | – | |
| 2H-1-benzopyran | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.06 | – | – | – | |
| 2-methoxy-4-propyl-Phenol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.12 | – | – | – | |
| Benzenepropyl acetate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.79 | – | – | – | |
| Homo - syringaldehyde | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.04 | – | – | – | |
| Ortho methoxy cinnamyl acetate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.36 | 0.43 | – | – | 0.68 |
| Oxalic acid, 2-phenylethyl propyl ester | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.21 | – | – | – | |
| Benzyl salicylate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.03 | – | – | – | |
| Methyl palmitate | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.06 | – | – | – | |
| Linoleic acid | 1 | – | – | – | – | 0.83 | – | – | – | – | 0.13 | 0.03 | – | – | – |
| 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.54 | – | – | |
| Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy- | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.28 | – | – | |
| 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.43 | – | – | |
| 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | |
| 3-Phenylprop-2-yn-1-ol | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.22 | |
| Salicylic acid | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.95 | |
| Formic acid, 3-phenylpropyl ester | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.08 | |
| 4,2,8-Ethanylylidene-2H-1-benzopyran, octahydro-2-methyl- | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.13 | |
| 1-Methoxy-7-methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[c]pyran | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | |
| 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-Phenol, | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.98 | ||||
| Butylated hydroxytoluene | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | – | 1.85 | 0.21 | |
| Trans-3-Pinen-2-ol [2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol] | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.49 | |||||
| 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol | – | – | 10.2 | 3.24 | 0.92 | – | – | 1.79 | 1.05 | 1.7 | 0.77 | 12.71 | 8.79 | 2.97 | |
| 4,7-Dihydro-4,7-methano-2H-indole | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.5 | – | ||||||
| Palmitic acid | – | – | – | 0.44 | – | 1.53 | – | – | – | – | 0.28 | 0.05 | – | – | – |
| 4,4,8-Trimethyltricyclo [6.3.1.0(1,5)] dodecane-2,9-diol | – | – | – | 0.8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.27 | – | – |
| 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde | – | – | – | 0.31 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Styrene | – | – | 0.09 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Camphene | – | – | 0.08 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1-Methyl-2-isopropylbenzene | – | – | 0.81 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Dodecane | – | – | 0.15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 3,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentenal | – | – | 0.38 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2-methylene-Cyclohexanol | – | – | 1.29 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-, Z,Z,Z-1,4,7,-Cycloundecatriene, | – | – | – | – | – | 1.15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Δ-Cadinene | – | – | – | – | – | 0.23 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Hydrocinnamic acid | – | – | 0.2 | – | – | 0.42 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | – | – | 0.09 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (S)-(+)-5-sec-Butyl-2-pyrimidinol | – | – | 0.56 | – | – | – | – | 14.08 | 10.25 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Spiro[2-ethylidene-3-methylcyclohexane]oxirane | – | – | 1.96 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1-Methoxy-7-methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[c]pyran | – | – | – | – | 0.28 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.31 | – | 1.3 |
| Aspirin methyl ester | – | – | – | – | 0.39 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.09 |
| 1H-Pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, 3,5-dimethyl-, diethyl ester | – | – | – | – | 0.4 | – | 0.94 | 0.85 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.31 | |
| Hexadecanoic acid | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| α-Thujene | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||
Notes.
- SW
- Sri Wijaya cinnamon accession
- SG
- Sri Gemunu cinnamon accession
- CC
- commercially available Cinnamomum zeylanicum
- 1
- solvent extraction
- 2
- steam distillation
- 3
- pressurized water extraction
- 4
- decoction water extraction
- 5
- infusion water extraction