Table 1.
Demographic and psychosocial characteristics between respondents in different smoking behavior groups, weighted (N=329)
| Characteristics | Changes in smoking behavior | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased smoking % (n) | Unchanged % (n) | Decreased smoking % (n) | p | Cramer’s V | |
| Total | 25.2 (86) | 50.9 (174) | 20.2 (69) | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 20.6 (37) | 53.5 (96) | 21.2 (38) | 0.154 | 0.151 |
| Female | 30.2 (49) | 48.0 (78) | 19.0 (31) | ||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 16–29 | 33.4 (27) | 33.9 (28) | 26.2 (21) | 0.104 | 0.219 |
| 30–39 | 26.9 (17) | 51.0 (32) | 17.8 (11) | ||
| 40–49 | 23.0 (18) | 51.2 (40) | 21.0 (16) | ||
| 50–59 | 25.5 (13) | 56.9 (29) | 17.5 (9) | ||
| 60–69 | 12.6 (5) | 69.4 (29) | 15.6 (6) | ||
| ≥70 | 21.6 (6) | 61.0 (17) | 17.4 (5) | ||
| Social gradea | |||||
| A | 19.9 (6) | 46.7 (13) | 33.4 (9) | 0.175 | 0.206 |
| B | 28.2 (6) | 46.8 (9) | 25.0 (5) | ||
| C1 | 25.9 (26) | 42.8 (43) | 27.9 (28) | ||
| C2 | 31.5 (18) | 55.9 (32) | 10.9 (6) | ||
| D | 24.3 (15) | 59.6 (38) | 16.1 (10) | ||
| E | 21.3 (16) | 53.4 (39) | 13.9 (10) | ||
| Mental health | |||||
| Worried | 42.3 (39)* | 35.1 (33) | 21.7 (20) | <0.001 | 0.406 |
| Not worried | 17.3 (25) | 59.5 (86) | 20.7 (30) | ||
| Anxiety | |||||
| Less | 31.5 (5) | 28.8 (5) | 30.3 (5) | <0.001 | 0.348 |
| Same | 12.1 (15)* | 63.3 (77)* | 17.6 (21) | ||
| More | 40.2 (43)* | 36.7 (39)* | 22.4 (24) | ||
| Stress | |||||
| Less | 32.6 (10) | 41.1 (12) | 14.1 (4) | <0.001 | 0.314 |
| Same | 13.1 (14)* | 64.8 (68)* | 17.4 (18) | ||
| More | 36.9 (41) | 37.4 (41) | 24.9 (28) | ||
| Low mood | |||||
| Less | 23.7 (4) | 39.5 (7) | 36.7 (7) | 0.012 | 0.234 |
| Same | 18.9 (20) | 60.3 (65) | 16.0 (17) | ||
| More | 32.2 (38) | 41.9 (49) | 22.3 (26) | ||
| Sleep problems | |||||
| Less | 29.5 (5) | 42.2 (7) | 28.3 (5) | 0.051 | 0.199 |
| Same | 19.2 (24) | 58.5 (73) | 20.2 (25) | ||
| More | 33.8 (36) | 40.6 (43) | 19.3 (20) | ||
| PHQ | |||||
| Normal | 21.1 (29) | 56.2 (78) | 21.6 (30) | 0.018 | 0.217 |
| Mild | 16.9 (14) | 54.0 (26) | 22.8 (20) | ||
| Moderate | 36.8 (22) | 45.5 (27) | 14.1 (8) | ||
| Severe | 38.3 (20) | 38.3 (20) | 20.0 (10) | ||
| Cantril Ladder | |||||
| Thriving | 18.1 (21) | 55.2 (64) | 26.7 (31) | <0.001 | 0.257 |
| Struggle | 21.8 (43)* | 39.1 (77) | 39.1 (77)* | ||
| Suffer | 36.1 (22)* | 54.1 (33) | 9.8 (6)* | ||
*
Adjusted residuals greater than |1.96|, contribute to differences between groups in χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests when p<0.05. PHQ: patient health questionnaire.
a
Occupational social grade: AB – higher or intermediate managerial, administrative or professional occupation; C1 – supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional; C2 – skilled manual workers; D – semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers; E – state pensioners, casual and lowest grade workers, unemployed with social benefits only.