Table 1.
| Total (N=313) | Survivors (n=212 [67.7%]) | Nonsurvivors (n=101 [32.3%]) | P valuec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 68 (59-78.5) | 66.5 (56-75) | 74 (66-83) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 182 (58.1) | 117 (55.2) | 65 (64.4) | .12 |
| Female | 131 (41.9) | 95 (44.8) | 36 (35.5) | |
| Ethnicity or race | ||||
| White (vs all other) | 119 (38) | 69 (32.5) | 50 (49.5) | .004 |
| Hispanic | 47 (15) | 34 (16) | 13 (12.9) | |
| Black or African American | 96 (30.7) | 70 (33) | 26 (25.7) | |
| Asian | 26 (8.3) | 18 (8.5) | 8 (7.9) | |
| Arab | 5 (1.6) | 5 (2.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 20 (6.4) | 16 (7.5) | 4 (4) | |
| Residence | <.001 | |||
| Home | 119 (38) | 97 (46.8) | 22 (21.8) | |
| LTCF | 194 (62) | 115 (54.2) | 79 (78.2) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Total number of comorbidities | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) | .02 |
| Two or more comorbidities | 266 (85) | 173 (81.6) | 93 (92.1) | .01 |
| Hypertension | 222 (70.9) | 143 (67.5) | 79 (78.2) | .05 |
| Cardiovascular | 105 (33.5) | 68 (32.1) | 37 (36.6) | .43 |
| Obesity | 101 (32.3) | 76 (35.8) | 25 (24.8) | .05 |
| Diabetes | 140 (44.7) | 93 (43.9) | 47 (46.5) | .66 |
| Chronic liver disease | 9 (2.9) | 7 (3.3) | 2 (2.0) | .51 |
| Malignant disease or mass | 33 (10.5) | 21 (9.9) | 12 (11.9) | .60 |
| Cerebrovascular | 57 (18.2) | 38 (17.9) | 19 (18.8) | .85 |
| Neurocognitive impairment | 113 (36.1) | 60 (28.3) | 53 (52.5) | <.001 |
| COPD or asthma | 66 (21.1) | 39 (18.4) | 27 (26.7) | .09 |
| ESRD | 22 (7.0) | 13 (6.1) | 9 (8.9) | .37 |
| DVT or PE | 21 (6.7) | 15 (7.1) | 6 (5.9) | .71 |
| HIV infection or immunodeficiency | 6 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | 2 (2) | .96 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Nonsmoker | 184 (58.8) | 126 (59.4) | 58 (57.4) | .74 |
| Former | 85 (27.2) | 48 (22.6) | 37 (36.6) | .009 |
| Current | 38 (12.1) | 35 (16.5) | 3 (3.0) | <.001 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 188 (60.1) | 135 (63.7) | 53 (52.5) | .06 |
| Chills | 31 (9.9) | 26 (12.3) | 5 (5.0) | .04 |
| Fatigue or malaise | 86 (27.5) | 67 (31.6) | 19 (18.8) | .02 |
| Myalgias or body aches | 46 (14.7) | 38 (17.9) | 8 (7.9) | .02 |
| Cough | 160 (51.1) | 118 (55.7) | 42 (41.6) | .02 |
| Shortness of breath | 210 (67.1) | 132 (62.3) | 78 (77.2) | .008 |
| Sore throat | 16 (5.1) | 12 (5.7) | 4 (4.0) | .52 |
| Headache | 28 (8.9) | 26 (12.3) | 2 (2.0) | .003 |
| Anorexia | 49 (15.7) | 34 (16.0) | 15 (14.9) | .79 |
| Anosmia | 11 (3.5) | 8 (3.8) | 3 (3.0) | .72 |
| Abdominal pain | 21 (6.7) | 17 (8.0) | 4 (4.0) | .18 |
| Diarrhea | 43 (13.7) | 37 (17.5) | 5 (5.9) | .006 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 38 (12.1) | 32 (15.1) | 6 (5.9) | .02 |
a
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; DVT = deep venous thrombosis; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; LTCF = long-term care facility; PE = pulmonary embolism.
b
Categorical variables are presented as number (%). Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range).
c
P values indicate differences between survivors and nonsurvivors. P<.05 was considered statistically significant.