Table 2.
Unadjusted outcomes in patients with limited English proficiency compared to no limited English proficiency
| Outcome | Limited English proficiency (n=779) |
No limited English proficiency (n=26744) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Code status and advance directives | |||
| DNR on ICU admission, n (%) | 4 (0.5%) | 403 (1.5%) | .02 |
| DNR on ICU discharge, n (%) | 57 (7.3%) | 2750 (10.3%) | .007 |
| Change from Full Code to DNR, n (%) | 53 (6.8%) | 2506 (9.4%) | .02 |
| Days from ICU admission to change to DNR, median (IQR) | 15.7 (1.9–64.6) | 3.3 (1.0–25.9) | .01 |
| Advance directives present at ICU admission, n (%) | 86 (11.0%) | 9842 (36.8%) | <.001 |
| Documentation of a family conference, n (%) | 49 (6.3%) | 672 (2.5%) | <.001 |
| Life support and other treatment utilization | |||
| Mechanical ventilation use, n (%) | 292 (37.5%) | 9642 (36.1%) | .41 |
| Mechanical ventilation days, median (IQR) | 0.4 (0.2–1.5) | 0.4 (0.2–1.2) | .15 |
| Noninvasive ventilation use, n (%) | 72 (9.2%) | 3532 (13.2%) | .001 |
| Noninvasive ventilation days, median (IQR) | 0.5 (0.1–1.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | .47 |
| Dialysis use, n (%) | 54 (6.9%) | 1538 (5.8%) | .16 |
| Vasopressor use, n (%) | 188 (24.1%) | 6453 (24.1%) | .10 |
| CPR performed, n (%) | 3 (0.4%) | 94 (0.4%) | .88 |
| Continuous IV analgesia used, n (%) | 83 (10.7%) | 3122 (11.7%) | .38 |
| Continuous IV sedation used, n (%) | 112 (14.4%) | 4821 (18.0%) | .009 |
| Restraints used, n (%) | 125 (16.0%) | 3202 (12.0%) | <.001 |
| Patient Symptoms | |||
| Delirium, n (%) | 32 (4.1%) | 1790 (6.7%) | .004 |
| Pain, n (%) | 439 (56.4%) | 17589 (65.8%) | <.001 |
| Agitation, n (%) | 28 (3.6%) | 1010 (3.8%) | .79 |
| Length of stay and disposition | |||
| ICU length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 1.2 (0.9–2.6) | 1.1 (0.9–2.3) | .76 |
| Hospital length of stay, days, median (IQR) | 6.2 (3.3–10.5) | 5.4 (3.3–9.0) | .002 |
| Hospital discharge to location other than home, n (%) | 100 (13.2%) | 6141 (23.7%) | <.001 |
| ICU mortality | 22 (2.8%) | 771 (2.9%) | .92 |
| Hospital mortality | 36 (4.6%) | 1300 (4.9%) | .76 |
| Deaths in the ICU | n=22 | n=771 | |
| Comfort measures only order placed, n (%) | 9 (40.9%) | 499 (64.7%) | .02 |
| Days from ICU admission to comfort care order, median (IQR) | 2.4 (1.5–16.0) | 2.5 (0.9–6.4) | .30 |
| Chaplain visitation, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (2.7 %) | .43 |
| Palliative Care consultation, n (%) | 6(27.3%) | 176(22.8%) | .62 |
| Delirium within 24 hours of death, n (%) | 2 (9.1%) | 105 (13.6%) | .54 |
| Pain within 24 hours of death, n (%) | 1 (4.5%) | 106 (13.7%) | .21 |
| Agitation within 24 hours of death, n (%) | 1 (4.5%) | 60 (7.8%) | .57 |
a
CPR=cardiopulmonary resuscitation DNR=do not resuscitate; ICU=intensive care unit; IQR=interquartile range; IV=intravenous;