Table 3:
Adjusted outcomes in patients with limited English proficiency compared to no limited English proficiency (categorical variables)
| Outcome | Odds ratio, unadjusted (95% CI) |
p value | Odds ratio, adjusted* (95% CI) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Code status and advance directives | ||||
| DNR on ICU admission | 0.34 (0.13,0.91) | .03 | 0.30 (0.11,0.80) | .02 |
| DNR on ICU discharge | 0.69 (0.53,0.91) | .007 | 0.60 (0.45,0.79) | <.001 |
| Change from Full Code to DNR | 0.71 (0.53,0.94) | .02 | 0.62 (0.46,0.82) | <.001 |
| Advance directives present at ICU admission | 0.21 (0.17,0.27) | <.001 | 0.23 (0.18,0.29) | <.001 |
| Documentation of a family conference | 2.60 (1.93,3.51) | <.001 | 2.53 (1.86,3.43) | <.001 |
| Life support and other treatment utilization | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation use | 1.06 (0.92,1.23) | .41 | 1.26 (1.07,1.48) | .005 |
| Noninvasive ventilation use | 0.67 (0.52,0.86) | .001 | 0.66 (0.52,0.85) | .001 |
| Dialysis use | 1.22 (0.92,1.62) | .16 | 1.29 (0.97,1.71) | .09 |
| Vasopressor use | 1.00 (0.85,1.18) | .99 | 1.14 (0.95,1.36) | .16 |
| CPR performed | 1.10 (0.35,3.47) | .88 | 1.07 (0.34,3.40) | .91 |
| Continuous IV analgesia used | 0.90 (0.72,1.14) | .38 | 1.03 (0.82,1.31) | .78 |
| Continuous IV sedation used | 0.76 (0.62,0.94) | .009 | 0.88 (0.71,1.08) | .21 |
| Restraints used | 1.41 (1.16,1.71) | <.001 | 1.36 (1.11,1.65) | .003 |
| Patient Symptoms | ||||
| Delirium | 0.60 (0.42,0.85) | .005 | 0.56 (0.39,0.81) | .002 |
| Pain | 0.67 (0.58,0.78) | <.001 | 0.73 (0.63,0.84) | <.001 |
| Agitation | 0.95 (0.65,1.39) | .80 | 0.87 (0.59,1.28) | .47 |
| Length of stay and disposition | ||||
| Hospital discharge to location other than home | 0.61 (0.52,0.73) | <.001 | 0.57 (0.49,0.68) | <.001 |
| ICU mortality | 0.98 (0.64,1.51) | .92 | 0.90 (0.58,1.40) | .65 |
| Hospital mortality | 0.95 (0.68,1.33) | .76 | 0.88 (0.62,1.25) | .48 |
| Deaths in the ICU | ||||
| Comfort measures only order placed | 0.38 (0.16,0.89) | .03 | 0.38 (0.16,0.91) | .03 |
| Palliative Care consultation | 1.27 (0.49,3.29) | .63 | 1.29 (0.49,3.40) | .61 |
| Delirium within 24 hours of death | 0.63 (0.15,2.75) | .54 | 0.65 (0.15,2.84) | .57 |
| Pain within 24 hours of death | 0.30 (0.04,2.24) | .24 | 0.27 (0.04,2.04) | .20 |
| Agitation within 24 hours of death | 0.56 (0.07,4.27) | .58 | 0.55 (0.07,4.21) | .57 |
a
CPR=cardiopulmonary resuscitation DNR=do not resuscitate; ICU=intensive care unit; IQR=interquartile range; IV=intravenous;
*
adjusted for APACHE III score, sex, education, and insurance