FIGURE 4.

Asperolide A (AA) inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐436 cells. Cell viability (%) of nontreatment or AA treatment groups was calculated (A, B). AA inhibited cell migration as determined by wound healing assays (C). Crystal violet‐stained cells were captured and the number of invasive cells was counted (D). AA induced cell cycle arrest in S + G2/M phase and quantification of cells in S + G2/M (%) are shown (E). Apoptosis was determined using Annexin V‐FITC + PI staining and apoptosis rate (%) in each group (F). Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 3 per group; *P < .05 compared with the untreated group cells